兔外伤性白内障囊外摘除术后房水细胞因子的表达

目的:观察兔外伤性白内障囊外摘除术后房水中白细胞介素1、白细胞介素6及肿瘤坏死因子α表达水平的动态变化及与眼内炎症反应的关系。方法:实验于2004-03/2006-03在暨南大学医学院附属深圳眼科中心研究所完成。①将15只新西兰白兔采用随机数字法分成3组,正常对照组、外伤组及外伤手术组,每组5只。②外伤组、外伤手术组的实验动物在全麻下用5号针头自角膜缘穿刺进入前房,划破晶体前囊膜约5mm,制成双眼外伤性白内障动物模型。③于外伤后第3天对外伤手术组的实验动物行白内障摘除术,并于手术后当天及1,3,7,14d检查各组动物前房炎症反应情况并抽取各组实验动物的房水作房水细胞计数及分类,同时测定房水中细胞因子白细胞介素1、白细胞介素6及肿瘤坏死因子α的表达水平和动态变化,进行统计学分析。结果:①外伤组、外伤手术组当天及1,3,7,14d房水中白细胞总数明显高于正常对照组。②术后1～14d外伤组、外伤手术组房水中的白细胞介素1、白细胞介素6及肿瘤坏死因子α含量均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05),外伤手术组与外伤组之间差异也有显著性(P<0.05),而术后当天3组之间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。③各细胞因子的含量在第7天时达到高峰,14d时逐渐明显降低,但外伤组、外伤手术组仍明显高于正常对照组(白细胞介素1:(11.23±3.85),(27.62±4.35),(5.75±3.82)ng/L;白细胞介素6:(12.77±5.25),(25.79±4.85),(7.69±3.76)ng/L;肿瘤坏死因子α:(110.35±12.61),(186.33±16.79),(57.42±6.57),P<0.05)。结论:外伤及手术后眼内炎症反应的严重程度与房水中细胞因子白细胞介素1、白细胞介素6及肿瘤坏死因子α的表达水平的动态变化密切相关,细胞因子是外伤性白内障术后眼内炎症反应的重要介质。     

抗细胞凋亡基因及其与大肠癌关系的研究进展

大肠癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,近年来发病率有逐渐增高的趋势.凋亡的调节对人体组织保持内环境稳态及正常细胞形态至关重要,这一过程受到干扰将使细胞寿命无限延长或累积突变,有利于大肠癌的发生.大肠癌的发生与细胞凋亡的关系已经受到普遍的重视,通过对抗细胞凋亡基因及其与大肠癌关系的研究,对了解大肠癌发病机制有重要意义,在临床上可为大肠癌的诊断及治疗提供一些思路和方法.本文就几种重要的抗细胞凋亡基因及其与大肠癌关系的研究进展作简要综述.     

生存质量在中医肿瘤学综合效评价中的作用

随着医学模式的转变,人们将生命的目标从追求生存的数量转为生存的质量,生存质量被广泛地应用到医学领域中。对恶性肿瘤的治疗,提高患者的生存质量已成为主要目的之一。现代医学治疗恶性肿瘤的评价标准在强调生存质量的今天,已显出它的弊端,用它来评价中医药的疗效更显片面。因此,将生存质量的评价方法引入到中医肿瘤学治疗领域中,有助于解决中医药疗效无法客观评定的问题。     

单克隆抗体与平阳霉素偶联物对肿瘤的区域性导向实验治疗

以小鼠H22肝癌腹腔内移植和胸腔内移植肿瘤为模型,观察3A5-PYM偶联物对腔内肿瘤的治疗作用,并以裸鼠移植结肠癌为模型,观察局部注射的治疗作用。结果表明,于小鼠肝癌H22皮下肿瘤局部给药,3A5-PYM在肿瘤的浓度较游离PYM高,滞留时间也较长。对小鼠腹腔内或胸腔内移植的肿瘤,腔内注射3A5-PYM比游离PYM具有更显著的延长动物生存期的作用。裸鼠皮下移植HT-29人结肠癌,在肿瘤周围注射3A5-PYM比iv或ip给予3A5-PYM显示更高的抑瘤率。提示单抗与平阳霉素偶联物在肿瘤的区域性导向治疗中有较好的疗效。     

New approaches to the transfusion management of thalassemia

Recent advances in the treatment of patients with thalassemia major have centered around the removal of iron from individuals already overloaded due to repeated transfusions. In this report we present therapeutic maneuvers designed to decrease the rate of iron accumulation. We demonstrate that the persistent maintenance of hematocrits above 35% ("supertransfusion") is not associated with an increased transfusion requirement because it produces a decrease in whole blood volume (21% +/- 2%). Supertransfusion is also associated with normalization or even prolongation of plasma iron turnover. In addition, we describe a method for obtaining units of blood from normal donors that contain primarily young red cells ("neocytes"). These cells have prolonged in vivo survival as measured by the interval between transfusions (30 +/- 2.5 days to 43 +/- 4.5 days) and 51Cr red cell survival (43.8 days versus 27.8 days). Supertransfusion with neocytes is effective in decreasing the rate of iron accumulation in thalassemia.     

一种能评价溶拴和抗栓药的大鼠大脑中动脉血栓模型

局部用氯化铁损伤血管以造成动物大脑中动脉血栓,于血栓形成后24h观察大鼠脑梗塞范围、行为及脑病理改变。结果表明,本模型造成的脑梗塞及行为障碍特点与Tamura等(198l)^[1]建立的大鼠局部脑缺血模型相一致。所造成的血栓为混合血栓。本研究还观察了阿司匹林对脑血栓的预防作用及尿激酶的治疗作用。阿司匹林及尿激酶均可降低脑梗塞范围,改善行为障碍。结果表明该模型既可以评价溶栓因子又可以检验抗栓因子,为研究抗血栓药物提供了一种较好的途径。     

噻芬太尼的主要药效和致依赖性潜力的实验研究

本文研究噻芬太尼的镇痛药效和制动作用,评价其致身体依赖性潜力。小鼠热板法测得噻芬太尼的镇痛作用强度分别为吗啡、芬太尼和埃托啡的3260,22和1.5倍。以瘫痪作为制动指标测得噻芬太尼对大鼠、家兔、狗和猴制动作用强度为埃托啡的2～3倍。小鼠跳跃实验和大鼠饮药液自然戒断实验表明该药具有一定致身体依赖性潜力。大鼠ⅳ快速成瘾实验及长达20周的猴身体依赖性实验则未出现依赖性戒断症状。     

Evidence for activation of both adrenergic and cholinergic nervous pathways by yohimbine,an alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist*

Summary— Adrenoceptors are involved in the control of the activity of the autonomic nervous system and especially the sympathetic nervous system. Activation of alpha₂-adrenoceptors decreases sympathetic tone whereas their blockade has an opposite effect. However, previous investigations have shown that yohimbine (a potent alpha₂-adrenoceptor antagonist) increases salivary secretion through activation of cholinergic pathways. The aim of the present experiment was to investigate the involvement of both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic system in several pharmacological effects of yohimbine. For this purpose, salivary secretion and various endocrino-metabolic parameters (noradrenaline and insulin secretions, lipomobilization) were evaluated in conscious fasting dogs before and after blockade of either the sympathetic (with the β-adrenoceptor antagonist agent nadolol) or the parasympathetic (with the anticholinergic agent atropine) systems. Yohimbine alone (0.4 mgm?kg^?1, iv) increased within 5–15 minutes, plasma noradrenaline (600%), insulin levels (300%), free-fatty acids (79%) and salivary secretion (143%). Atropine (0.2 mgm?kg^?1, iv) suppressed yohimbine-induced salivary secretion (90%) but did not significantly modify the yohimbine induced changes in noradrenaline (312%), insulin (277%) and free-fatty acids (102%) plasma levels. Administration of nadolol (1 mgm?kg^?1, iv) did not change the magnitude of the increase in both noradrenaline plasma levels (550%) and salivary secretion (300%) induced by yohimbine. However, nadolol totally blunted the increase in insulin (15%) and free-fatty acids (4%) plasma levels. These results show that yohimbine-induced increase in salivary secretion is a cholinergic effect whereas the increase in insulin and free fatty acids can be explained by an increase in sympathetic tone. Thus, blockade of alpha₂-adrenoceptors induced a simultaneous activation of adrenergic and cholinergic systems. This pattern can explain the spectrum of side effects observed with yohimbine in man and suggests new potential clinical uses for alpha₂-adrenoceptor antagonists.