介入封堵与外科手术治疗主动脉窦瘤破裂的疗效及安全性

目的比较介入封堵与外科手术治疗主动脉窦瘤破裂(RSVA)的疗效及安全性。方法选取RSVA患者22例,介入封堵治疗10例(介入组),外科手术治疗12例(手术组)。术后随访6—24个月,比较两组临床症状、是否存在残余分流、有无瓣膜反流、封堵器有无移位、肺动脉压变化及心功能状态。结果介入组均完全封堵;与术中比较,术后肺动脉收缩压、肺动脉平均压均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05);术后即刻造影示少量残余分流1例。手术组完全封堵率为91.67%(11/12);术后出现较大的残余分流和严重低心排量综合征各1例。两组随访期内均未发生右心衰竭、栓塞、感染性心内膜炎、主动脉瓣反流、溶血和死亡等。结论介入封堵治疗主动脉窦瘤破裂与外科修补疗效相当,且具有较好的安全性。     

慢性移植肾失功后的移植肾切除手术分析

目的:分析总结因慢性移植肾失功而行移植肾切除手术患者的临床治疗经过,进一步探讨这类手术的安全性和适应证。方法:以慢性移植肾失功患者76例为研究对象,年龄23~72(36.6±13.5)岁,以上患者发生慢性移植肾失功的时间为术后11~91(35.8±24.6)个月,转入血液透析的时间为3~33(10.4±6.2)个月。76例患者均实施了移植肾切除手术,移植肾切除术后随访时间为6个月~5年。结果:平均手术时间50(35~180)min;术中平均出血量450(200~2 600)ml,平均输血量300(400~2 400)ml,其中67例进行了自体血液回收后输血。术后平均引流量250(20~1 100)ml,平均住院时间11(5~23)d。术后主要并发症:切口血肿8例,切口感染10例,消化道出血7例,心衰7例,肺部感染5例,肾上腺危象2例,下肢跛行2例。死亡4例。多数患者的体重指数、血红蛋白及血清白蛋白含量较术前有所提高。结论:慢性移植肾失功后的移植肾切除手术为高风险手术,应积极做好术前准备,同时加强围手术期护理,以降低手术并发症的发生率;积极适时地切除已经完全失功了的移植肾,有助于改善患者身体素质,避免免疫抑制的不良反应,同时有利于减轻患者本人及社会的经济负担。     

Extracts of Monascusus Purpureus beyond Statins——Profile of Efficacy and Safety of the Use of Extracts of Monascus Purpureus

Monascus purpureus is a fungus that has been tradi-tionally used in China for thousands of years to produce ricewine . Traditionally the fungus is used to ferment non-gluti-nous cooking of rice ,to produce a kind of famous red ricewine .Its main traditional indications consist of disordersdue to the accumulation of fats (nosologically linked withthe problems of stasis of circulation in traditional Chinesemedicine) ,liver disorders and some forms of tumor as ithelps i mprove the circulation of …     

Sexual precocity: sex incidence and aetiology

The aetiology of 197 girls and 16 boys presenting with sexual precocity was reviewed. Ninety one girls and four boys had central precocious puberty (M:F 23:1); a cause was identified in all the boys but in only six girls. All boys with precocious puberty need detailed investigation; in girls investigation should be based on clinical findings, particularly the consonance of puberty.     

显微注射后家兔转基因受精卵的体外培养和移植成活率的观察研究

目的：研究家兔受精卵经显微注射转基因过程的耐受性，建立转基因动物技术平台。方法：(1)家兔超数排卵诱导；(2)对2000个家兔受精卵进行显微注射技术操作；(3)对1280个受精卵进行显微注射后体外培养观察；(4)216个注射后受精卵向13只受体母兔输卵管进行移植．结果：(1)经显微注射后受精卵进行体外培养有68％的受精卵能够发育至桑椹胚和囊胚；(2)目前有7只受体母兔经输卵管转基因受精卵移植分别产下3，4，5，2，6，13，7只仔兔。结论：(1)受精卵能够在体外经受显微注射转基因过程的损伤，但暴露于体外的操作时间应尽可能的缩短；(2)显微注射操作技术的熟练程度是实验成功的关键。     

尿微量蛋白与老年2型糖尿病合并缺血性心脏病关系的研究

目的探讨在老年2型糖尿病合并缺血性心脏病患者中尿微量蛋白在加重缺血性心脏病进展方面的作用。方法将66例老年2型糖尿病合并缺血性心脏病患者按24h尿微量蛋白排泄量分为:尿微量蛋白正常组及尿微量蛋白阳性组,分别对血脂、空腹血糖、血清胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数、纤维蛋白原、颈动脉内-中膜厚度、颈总动脉粥样硬化等级积分、硬化斑块指数、心脏彩超室间隔厚度及射血分数等加重缺血性心脏病进展等指标进行比较分析。结果66例老年2型糖尿病合并缺血性心脏病患者尿微量蛋白阳性组高密度脂蛋白、载脂蛋白A、胰岛素敏感指数、年龄、纤维蛋白原、硬化斑块指数、颈总动脉粥样硬化等级积分、室间隔厚度及射血分数显著高于尿微量蛋白阴性组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论尿微量蛋白的出现能够加速糖尿病合并缺血性心脏病的发展进程,它的出现预示着缺血性心脏病的预后不良。     

Detection of carbamyl phosphate synthetase 1 deficiency using duodenal biopsy samples

The activity of urea cycle enzymes was assayed in duodenal biopsy specimens obtained from a female infant who presented with neonatal hyperammonaemia. All enzyme levels were normal except N-acetyl glutamate-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) which was half the mean activity in normal control specimens. A similar deficiency of CPS1 was also shown in duodenal specimens from the patient's mother who became slightly symptomatic after relatively high protein meals and during pregnancy, and had spontaneously modified her diet to one with protein restriction. The patient is growing normally on a dietary regimen similar to that spontaneously adopted by her mother. Urea cycle enzyme activity in the duodenal biopsy material from the controls was similar to that found in the normal human liver and appears to have distinct advantages as a means of assaying for urea cycle defects in patients with hyperammonaemia and their relatives.     

虚拟模拟器在输尿管镜培训中应用的初步探讨

目的 评估虚拟模拟器UroMentorTM在输尿管镜培训中的应用价值. 方法 30名泌尿外科医师按单独完成输尿管镜例数＜ 20例和≥20例分成2组,分别为18名及12名.应用左输尿管下段取石模拟操作进行初评,包括:总操作时间、输尿管插管时间、损伤致出血点的数目、尝试插管次数以及综合总体评分(GRS),连续训练48 h后复评并与初评比较. 结果 经过模拟器训练后所有受试者总操作时间明显缩短[( 333±32)s及(228±18)s,P=0.001],GRS评分明显改善(24.4±2.1及28.1±1.2,P=0.010).少(无)经验组和有经验组初评总操作时间[(405±40)s及(262±22)s,P=0.014]、复评总操作时间[(276±12)s及(179±9)s,P=0.000]及初评GRS评分(19.6±2.5及29.2±1.3,P＝0.009)、复评GRS评分(25.0±1.1及31.2±0.7,P=0.002)差异均有统计学意义.独立完成的输尿管镜例数与GRS评分相关(初评r=0.705,复评r=0.756). 结论虚拟模拟器URO MentorTM可以成为输尿管镜技能培训及评估的有效工具.     

大豆异黄酮对阿尔茨海默病大鼠海马RAGE介导的信号转导通路的影响

目的观察大豆异黄酮(soybean isoflavones)对阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)大鼠高级糖化终产物受体(receptor for advanced glycation end products,RAGE)介导的信号转导系统的影响。方法采用β淀粉样蛋白25-35片段(amyloidβ25-35,Aβ25-35)双侧海马注射建立AD大鼠模型,60只大鼠随机分为模型组、大豆异黄酮高剂量组[30mg/(kg·d)]、大豆异黄酮低剂量组[10mg/(kg·d)]、雌激素组[0.4mg/(kg·d)]及假手术组,每组12只。大豆异黄酮高、低剂量组和雌激素组造模后3天灌胃给药(2mL/只),模型组与假手术组给予等体积的0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)灌胃,连续21天。酶联免疫吸附法观察各组大鼠海马组织RAGE、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)的含量。分光光度法检测大鼠海马组织天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(cysteine-containing aspartate-specific protease-3,Caspase-3)活性。免疫组织化学法观察大鼠海马组织磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(phosphorylation extracellular signal-regulatedkinase1/2,P-ERK1/2)的表达。结果与模型组比较,大豆异黄酮可显著降低AD大鼠海马RAGE蛋白、IL-6含量、Caspase-3活性及ERK1/2蛋白磷酸化水平(P<0.01)。结论大豆异黄酮对AD大鼠海马组织RAGE介导的炎症信号通路具有下调作用,减弱炎症反应,降低Aβ的神经毒性,抵抗海马神经元凋亡。