Double pituitary adenomas in a large surgical series

Pituitary - To explore the incidence of double pituitary adenomas in a tertiary center for pituitary surgery and asses their clinical, imaging and histopathological features. The medical records of...     

Neck circumference and blood pressure among children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Emerging evidence suggested that large neck circumference (NC) in children and adolescents may be an indicator of increased blood pressure. We sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis regarding the association between NC and blood pressure in children. Pertinent studies were identified by searching PubMed and Scopus databases, up to January 2018. Studies which reported the correlation coefficient between NC, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in children (aged <18 years) were selected. Fifteen studies met eligibility criteria for the quantitative synthesis. Overall, NC was significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure (effect size (z) = 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29–0.49; P < .001; meta r = 0.371; r² = 0.13) and diastolic blood pressure (effect size (z) = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.19–0.32; P < .001; meta r = 0.0.245; r² = 0.06). NC had a positive relationship with the risk of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.05–1.75). Furthermore, studies conducted in Western regions (OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.12–2.14) reported higher risk of hypertension in association with NC than those conducted in the Eastern regions (OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03–1.25).NC seems to be a novel anthropometric measurement in children and adolescents. It can be a good predictor of elevated blood pressure, especially in the Western population.     

Resistance status of main malaria vector,Liston (Diptera:Culicidae) to insecticides in a malaria Endemic Area,Southern Iran

Objective: To evaluate the susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi(An. stephensi) Liston, the main malaria vector in southern Iran, to WHO recommended insecticides. Methods: Larvae of An. stephensi were collected from three different larval habitats in both urban and rural area of Bandar Abbas city and one rural area in Rudan county southern Iran. WHO standard method was used for evaluation of adult and larval mosquito susceptibility. Bendiocarb, permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin as insecticide and temephos and chlorpyriphos as larvicide were used at the diagnostic dosages recommended by WHO. Results: Findings of this study showed all larval populations of An. stephensi were completely susceptible to temephos and candidate for resistance to chlorpyriphos. Adult mosquitoes in rural areas of Bandar Abbas city were resistant to pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides. Conclusion: Comparison of the results of this survey with previous studies indicates that the resistance to pyrethroids and carbamates in this malaria endemic region is increasing. Wide use of pesticides in agriculture is certainly effective in increasing resistance. The inter-sectoral coordination and collaboration in health and agriculture seem to be necessary to manage insecticide resistance in malaria vectors.     

Urotensin II: a new pharmacologic target in the treatment of cardiovascular disease

Urotensin II was first identified over 30 years ago as a potent vasoconstrictor, and the identification of its receptor in the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and brain have made it a potential target for human pharmacotherapy. Current research would suggest that urotensin II plays a major role in the pathophysiology of various cardiovascular disease entities. This article discusses the biologic effects of urotensin under normal and pathophysiologic conditions, and reviews the research experiences with synthetic urotensin blockers in the treatment of various cardiovascular illnesses.     

Erratum to: pulp bleeding color is an indicator of clinical and histohematologic status of primary teeth

Clinical Oral Investigations -     

Nanocomposite of hydrophobic cellulose aerogel/graphene quantum dot/Pd: synthesis,characterization, and catalytic application

Novel hydrophobic cellulose aerogel (CA) supported graphene quantum dots (GQD)/Pd were synthesized with high lipophilicity, superior porosity as well as high catalytic activity. The nanocomposite aerogel was obtained in four steps, including transformation of cotton to CA, a silanization reaction of CA in the presence of TiO₂ nanoparticles to give polysiloxane/TiO₂ nanoparticles supported on CA (ST@CA), a modification of ST@CA with GQD to yield polysiloxane/TiO₂ nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots supported on CA (STG@CA), and finally a deposition of Pd nanoparticles on STG@CA. The synthesized aerogel demonstrated hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 136.2°. It also exhibited excellent oil/water selective absorption capacity with an oil absorption of up to 79 g g⁻¹ with 134 g g⁻¹ selectivity. Finally, the nanocomposite was used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the oxidation reaction of alcohols, ethylbenzene, and alkenes. High yields, excellent selectivities, green and mild reaction conditions, recyclability and biocompatibility of the catalyst were important features of the reactions.

Novel hydrophobic cellulose aerogel (CA) supported graphene quantum dots (GQD)/Pd were synthesized with high lipophilicity, superior porosity as well as high catalytic activity.     

Meta Analysis of Etiology and its Clinical and Radiological Correlation in Cases of Craniomaxillofacial Trauma

Aim

The present study was planned to investigate the etiology of injuries and to analyze correlation between clinical and radiological findings in cases of craniomaxillofacial trauma.

Study Design

An 18 months cross-sectional study was done and 325 patients with maxillofacial fractures were analyzed from January 2013 to June 2014 who reported to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. Data was recorded in a preformed case sheet which included: patient’s demographic data, cause of injury, type of injury, treatment plan.

Results

Out of the 325 patients, 74.4 % were males with a male: female ratio of 2.91:1. The 21–30 year age group was found to be maximum. Road traffic accidents accounted for 71.3 %, followed by fall from height (19 %) and assault (9.5 %). Most commonly involved vehicles were two wheelers followed by public transport. Mandibular fractures (65 %) were most prevalent, followed by zygomaticomaxillary complex (44.27 %), parietal bone (48 %) and orbital fractures (21.3 %). Thirty-seven fractures (7.14 %) were missed clinically which were confirmed later by radiographic technique. Maximum were in cranium region (57 %) followed by mandible (27 %), mid face region (16.21 %). Thirty-three fractures (6.37 %) were overestimated or suspected clinically which could not be confirmed by radiographic technique. Maximum were in mandible (48.5 %) followed by mid face (36.33 %) and cranium (15.15 %).

Conclusion

The idea behind this article is to analyze the various trends and affecting factors and correlation between clinical and radiological findings. A better understanding of the above said would help in future treatment planning and management of facial injuries.