鼠痘病毒荧光定量Taqman-PCR检测方法的建立与应用

目的 建立鼠痘病毒的荧光定量Taqman-PCR检测方法, 以期能快速、准确、灵敏、特异的检出鼠痘病毒。方法 经过比对和筛选, 本研究选取鼠痘病毒的ERPV_027基因480-800位序列段, 作为引物设计位点设计引物和探针, 并对该引物对和探针的特异性、灵敏性、稳定性和重复性进行检测。结果 本研究建立的方法, 对鼠痘病毒的检测极限是68 copies/μL;该方法特异性强, 只对鼠痘病毒特定片段进行特异性扩增, 而对小鼠肝炎病毒、仙台病毒、沙门氏菌等其它病毒、细菌无扩增;该方法稳定性和重复性均较好。结论 本研究成功建立了检测鼠痘病毒的荧光定量Taqman-PCR方法, 该方法特异性强、灵敏度高, 且具有较好的稳定性和重复性, 具有广阔的应用价值。     

Effects of nandrolone decanoate compared with placebo or testosterone on HIV-associated wasting

Objectives Current research is unclear about the most effective pharmacological agents for managing the loss of weight and fat-free mass common in HIV/AIDS. The aim of this study was to compare nandrolone decanoate with placebo and testosterone. Methods The study was a multicentre randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Three hundred and three adult HIV-positive male patients with a weight loss of 5-15% in the last 12 months, or a body mass index of 17-19 kg/m(2), or a body cell mass/height ratio lower than 13.5 kg/m, were randomly assigned to receive nandrolone decanoate (150 mg), testosterone (250 mg) or placebo intramuscularly every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. Fat-free mass, weight, immune markers and perception of treatment were the main outcome measures. Results Treatment with nandrolone resulted in significantly greater increases in fat-free mass [mean increase 1.34 kg; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60; 2.08 kg] and in weight (mean increase 1.48 kg; 95% CI 0.82; 2.14 kg) compared with placebo. The mean increase in weight with nandrolone of 1.00 kg (95% CI 0.27; 1.74 kg) when compared with testosterone was significant, although the difference in fat free mass did not reach significance (mean increase 0.69 kg; 95% CI-0.13; 1.51 kg). Patient perception of benefit was significantly greater in the nandrolone group when compared with both the placebo and the testosterone groups. Conclusions Treatment with nandrolone decanoate increased body weight when compared with placebo and testosterone. Nandrolone decanoate treatment resulted in greater increases in fat-free mass than placebo and demonstrated a trend for a significant increase when compared with testosterone.     

汉族与壮族青年人格结构的比较

目的:根据人口比例、地理位置、生产方式、语言文字状况等方面来选择了汉族与壮族民族作为研究的对象,比较汉族与壮族青年的人格结构。方法:于2005-07/2005-09在广州、湛江、东莞、天津、西安、长沙、沈阳、南宁等地进行样本采集。在汉族被试中发放问卷共1370份,在壮族被试中发放问卷共440份。具体操作是:在当地学校开家长会期间,在不同年级中采用整群随机抽样的方法选取某一班级的家长进行团体施测。汉族被试者平均年龄(33.1±0.3)岁,壮族被试者平均年龄(32.2±0.8)岁。选用的量表是中国人人格形容词评定量表(简式)。该量表包括了“外向活跃”、“严谨自制”、“温顺随和”、“热情豪爽”、“淡泊诚信”、“精明干练”、“善良友好”7个分测验,采用6级评分,要求被试对每一个项目做1～6分(即“完全不符合自己的情况”到“完全符合自己的情况”)的评定。分析两个民族与“‘大七’人格结构模型”的拟合度、两个民族人格结构的均值。结果:在汉族被试者中发放问卷共1370份,回收问卷1368份,问卷回收率99.85%。在壮族被试中发放问卷共440份,回收问卷431份,问卷回收率98.0%。根据回答量表的有效情况,筛选汉族有效被试共985名,壮族有效被试共307名。①汉族的人格结构与“大七人格结构模型”拟合良好,而壮族则拟合不良,拟合优度指数分别为0.84,0.62。②壮族在“外向活跃”、“温顺随和”、“热情豪爽”“善良友好”4个人格结构因子上的得分均显著高于汉族(44.70±5.58,43.26±6.78;31.62±4.62,30.39±4.96;31.72±3.98,30.80±4.63;18.92±4.19,18.36±4.04;F=7.91,10.43,6.84,3.16,P<0.01,0.05)。两族在“严谨自制”、“淡泊诚信”、“精明干练”这几个方面没有差异。结论:汉族与壮族因各自生态环境的相似性与差异性而导致了文化形态的异与同,从而导致了两个民族所形成的行为方式的共性与个性,而在本调查中则具体体现为两个民族人格结构的异同。     

乌苏市高砷和高氟水区分布范围与规律的调查分析

目的进一步明确乌苏市高砷、高氟区分布范围,为防治工作提供科学依据。方法对已确定和可疑的高砷、高氟区进行拉网式筛查,测定饮水砷、氟水平。结果采集的1069份压井和机井水样中,水砷超标率58.56%,水氟超标率41.12%,不同乡镇水砷、水氟超标率差异有统计学意义(χ2=739.58、384.72,P<0.001),不同井深水砷、水氟超标率差异也有统计学意义(χ2=790.89、384.72,P<0.001)。结论调查地区水氟、水砷超标情况十分严重;不同乡镇水砷、水氟差异较大,且有在同一乡(镇)、村不同井水含砷、氟差异大,高砷、高氟水点呈点状或片状分布的特点;水砷、水氟可能与井深有关;应加强高砷、高氟水区地方性氟中毒、砷中毒防病知识健康教育工作。     

Coronary artery fistula; coronary computed topography – The diagnostic modality of choice

Coronary artery fistulae (CAF) are rare anomalies. They are vascular communications between the coronary arteries and other cardiac structures, either cardiac chambers or great vessels. There can be considerable variation in the course of a coronary artery fistula. We report a case of a coronary artery fistula between the left circumflex coronary artery and the right and left atria. CAF are often diagnosed by coronary angiogram, however with the advent of new technologies such as Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (Coronary CTA) the course and communications of these fistulae can be delineated non-invasively and with greater accuracy.     

Breast-feeding and a subsequent diagnosis of measles

Background: Breast-feeding protects against many infectious diseases and may also influence immunization outcomes.
Aim: This study investigated if breast-feeding protects against clinical measles and if it modified the effect of immunization.
Methods: We used logistic regression with data for 10 207 individuals from the 1970 British Cohort study (BCS70). Breast-feeding data were collected at five years of age, and information on clinical measles infection, as well as socio-economic measures was collected at the age of ten years. Breast feeding was categorized as: breast-fed <1 month (n = 1611), breast-fed for 1–3 months (n = 1016), breast-fed for more than three months (n = 1108), breast-feeding of uncertain duration (n = 21) and never breast-fed (n = 6451).
Results: Breast-feeding for more than three months was negatively associated with a diagnosis of clinical measles infection after adjustment for crowding, social class, measles vaccination, parity and sex with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.69 (0.60–0.81) compared with those who never breast-fed. Measles vaccination was highly associated with low risk for measles with: 0.14 (0.13–0.16). Age at acute measles infection was not associated with breastfeeding. Breast-feeding did not notably alter measles immunization efficacy.
Conclusion: Immunization against measles provides effective protection against the disease. A more modest reduction in the risk of a measles diagnosis is associated with breast-feeding. The associations with a diagnosis of measles for breast-feeding and measles immunization are independent of each other.     

"Ethnic" variation in childhood lung function may relate to preventable nutritional deficiency

This study aimed to define the differences in lung function between British Caucasian and rural eastern Indian children, and to test the hypothesis that nutrition could account for such "ethnic" variation. To exclude confounders, a rural Indian setting was identified and children were screened for respiratory illness before lung function and nutritional characteristics were measured. Regression equations for this population have already been published. In this study, the lung function differences between rural eastern Indian ( n = 391) and mean predicted lung function for Caucasian children were characterized, matched for height and sex. In addition, stepwise multiple regression models were fitted to investigate the relative associations of lung function differences with body mass index (BMI), occipitofrontal circumference and age. Although the largest differences in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) [girls 28.7 (27.3-30.1), boys 23.4 (22.2-24.6)] and forced vital capacity [girls 27.9 (26.4-29.4), boys 30.7 (29.6-31.9)] [values as mean difference in % predicted (95% confidence intervals)] ever reported between two populations were observed, differences in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were small. BMI was strongly associated with inter-racial differences for FEV 1 for both sexes (boys β= -0.227, girls β= -0.353, p ≤0.001) and PEFR for girls ( β= -0.200, p ≤0.05) ( β= standardized coefficient).

Conclusion: Preventable nutritional factors may play a causal role in determining the FEV 1 differences between rural Indian and Caucasian children. As peak FEV 1 in youth influences respiratory morbidity in later life, it is important to define specific nutrient 1 deficiencies that may relate to poor FEV growth in these children.