放射线联合p53基因及内皮抑素治疗小鼠前列腺癌皮下移植瘤

Objective To test the hypothesis that p53 gene therapy combined with endostatin can enhance tumor response to radiation therapy of RM-1 mouse xenograft prostate cancer and to investigate its mechanism. Methods A mouse prostate cancer model was established. Then mice with xenograft tumor were randomly divided into group A (control), B (radiation), C (radiation and rAdp53), D (radiation and rh-endostatin) and E (radiation and rAdp53 and rh-endostatin). On day 1, rAdp53 was injected intra-tumorously with 1 × 1010 vp per animal to group C and E. From day 1 to 14, rh-endostatin was given 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily to group D and E. On day 4 single fraction of 15 Gy was given to tumors in groups B, C, D and E. Normal saline was injected intra-tumorously or intraperitoneaUy accordingly as control. No treatment was done to group A. Tumor volume was measured daily. Samples were collected on Days 5, 10 and 15. Ki67, CD31, p53 and VEGF were detected by means of immunohistochemistry. Results (1) Radiation alone, radiation combined with intra-tumorous injection of Adp53 and/or intraperitoneal injection of rh-endostatin resulted in tumor growth arrest of RM-1 cells in vivo (P = 0.000). Radiation combined with both rAdp53 and rh-endostatin was the most effective treatment (P < 0.05). (2) All the four treatment groups had a decreased expression of mutant type P53 (P = 0.000). The expression of Ki67 in groups B and C were equal (P 0.05) and increasing (P = 0.000), respectively. Group D had a up-down-up curve (P < 0.05), but group E had a up-down one. On day 5 the expresion of VEGF in group E was the lowest (P < 0.05). An increased expression of MVD compared with the control was shown, and MVD in groups C, D and E were always higher than that in the control (P < 0.05). Conclusions The limitation of radiotherapy could be overcome by combination with beth p53 gene therapy and endostatin on the growth of mouse prostate cancer cell. Radiation, rAdp53 and endostatin have their own role but they can be interacted with each other.     

氟尿嘧啶化放疗的现状与未来

20世纪60年代在肿瘤的根治和辅助治疗中就使用了氟尿嘧啶（Fluorouracil，FU）化放疗（外放疗同时进行化疗）。2002年．全世界约200万肿瘤患者接受了FU治疗．其中很大一部分是以FU为基础的化放疗。FU是许多肿瘤患者的基础治疗药物。总之，FU化放疗显著改善了肿瘤的局部控制．并提高了部分肿瘤患者的生存率：也提高了部分具有重要功能的器官的保留。     

Laparoscopic Local Resection Based on Sentinel Node Evaluation for Early Gastric Cancer: A Preliminary Report

We previously reported that lymphatic mapping using isosulfan blue can be used to identify sentinel nodes (SNs). This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of using the SN technique in treating early gastric cancer and to explore its usefulness for minimal invasive surgery. Twenty-three patients with early gastric cancer who underwent SN biopsy were retrospectively evaluated. Based on SN evaluation, individualized surgery was performed in five patients with T1N0M0 gastric cancer. When pathological examination of frozen sections revealed metastasis in SNs, we performed a standard D2 gastrectomy. Laparoscopic local resection was applied when the SN biopsy was negative. Our results showed that the success rate with SN biopsy in early gastric cancer was 100%, as were the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. All five patients with early gastric cancer had SNs negative for metastases both by frozen section and by postoperative pathology. Thus, all these patients underwent laparoscopic local resection without extended lymphadenectomy. We conclude that SN biopsy is a useful tool to individualize the operative procedure, and laparoscopic local resection can be safely performed using SN guidance in selected patients with early gastric cancer.     

中等职业学校实行学分制初探

1学分制产生的背景　　学分制是随着课程选修制的产生、发展而建立起来的教学管理制度.它产生于18～19世纪的欧美国家,于20世纪20年代经我国的一些教育家从日本或欧美引进.     

淋巴瘤样肉芽肿与韦格内肉芽肿临床特点的比较

目的 总结淋巴瘤样肉芽肿病(lym phom atoid granulom atosis,LG)与韦格内肉芽肿( egener granulo Wm atosis,W G)的临床特点,从临床上加以鉴别。 方法 回顾性总结我院与北京协和医院 1989 年以来收治的 6 例 LG和20 例 W G 患者的临床资料,并进行比较。 结果 发热、咳嗽及呼吸困难在 LG 中较常见,流涕、鼻衄及关节痛以W G 为多,肺受累以 LG 为多,耳鼻喉、眼及肾病变在 W G 中明显增多,皮肤受损两者相似。W G 患者常有 c-ANCA 阳性及尿沉渣异常。 LG X 线胸片为双侧多发结节,边界不清,多无肺门、纵隔淋巴结肿大; G 则为双侧多发边界清晰W的结节, 易形成空洞, 肺门和纵隔淋巴结可肿大。LG 病理改变为血管中心性淋巴增生性病变, 浸润的细胞主要是小淋巴细胞和不同数量大的不典型淋巴细胞; 而在 W G 中可见坏死性血管炎及大量中性白细胞、浆细胞及少量嗜酸细胞浸润形成的肉芽肿, 部分有多核巨细胞。W G 经治疗后, 多数患者病情缓解; 则疗效不佳。 结论 LG 和 W G 在临 LG床表现、实验室检查、 影像及病理诸方面的差异有利于两者的鉴别诊断。     

固定剂量复合剂在省结核病防治规划中应用的研究

目的 研究固定剂量复合剂在省结核病防治规划中应用的可行性.方法 将初治涂阳肺结核病人按登记序号单双分入研究组和对照组.用对照研究方法对两组的完成治疗率、治疗效果、治疗依从性和不良反应等情况进行分析.结果 研究组和对照组在性别、年龄、体重、完成治疗率、督导管理方式和治疗依从性等方面差异无显著性（P值均＞0.05）.研究组的2、3个月未痰菌阴转率和治愈率分别为87.0%、93.5%和93.5%,对照组的2、3个月未痰菌阴转率和治愈率分别为89.4%、93.5%和87.0%,两组间的疗效差异无显著性（P值均＞0.05）.除因链霉素引起的耳鸣（精确概率法P=0.024）外,两组其他不良反应症状出现的比例都无显著性差异（P值均＞0.05）.结论 在结核病防治规划中推广应用固定剂量复合剂是可行的.     

CT导向下经皮射频消融术治疗肾上腺恶性肿瘤

目的对29例肾上腺肿瘤患者行射频消融（RFA）治疗，研究其近期局部治疗效果、不良反应和副作用。方法肾上腺肿瘤患者共29例，病灶总数31个，其中直径≤2．0cm的病灶共5个，2．1-4．0cm者18个，4．1-6．0cm者5个，≥6．1cm者3个，经RFA治疗1个月后行螺旋CT双期增强扫描评价肿瘤治疗效果。结果上述病灶经消融治疗后达到完全坏死者分别为5个、18个、3个、2个。患者无严重并发症出现。结论RFA治疗安全可靠，副作用小，是治疗肾上腺恶性肿瘤的有效方法之一。     

食管癌患者血缘亲属及不同性别食管癌患病风险比较研究

目的 对比分析食管癌病例组与对照组血缘亲属食管癌患病风险,并了解食管癌家族中危险亲属人群患病的新线索.方法 采用病例对照研究方法 ,对食管癌病例组及对照组各720例进行逐层分析,以比较两组各血缘亲属父系、母系食管癌患病危险度(OR)的大小及差异.结果 (1)病例组Ⅰ级亲属食管癌患病危险度(1.34%～2.24%)显著高于对照组(0.78%～1.21%)(P＜0.01);Ⅰ级亲属中病例组父母亲食管癌患病危险度为6.11%,显著高于对照组父母亲食管癌患病危险度2.97%(P＜0O01).(2)以血缘亲属中父系和母系亲属逐层分析可见,病例组父系食管癌患病危险度(0.87%～1.01%)与母系患病危险度(0.50%～0.79%)均显著高于对照组父系食管癌患病危险度(0.53%～0.65%)与母系患病危险度(0.38%～0.47%)(P＜0.05).进一步分析显示,病例组父系中男性亲属与母系中女性亲属,即父系中祖父、父亲、叔伯食管癌患病危险度为2.68%与母系中外祖母、母亲、姨的食管癌患病危险度1.91%均显著高于对照组父系中男性亲属食管癌患病危险度1.50%与母系中女性亲属食管癌患病危险度0.92%(P＜0.01).结论 山西省食管癌患者血缘亲属发病危险主要是父亲及其兄弟、母亲及其姐妹,其下代患食管癌风险要大.