无托槽隐形矫治器对牙周炎错胎患者的疗效观察

目的观察无托槽隐形矫治器对中、重度牙周炎错胎患者的治疗效果。方法牙周炎错胎畸形患者9例,其中男性5例,女性4例,平均年龄37．8岁。多数牙齿均有不同程度的牙周附着丧失,少数牙齿为重度牙周附着丧失、牙齿松动Ⅰ～Ⅱ度、牙槽骨吸收至根尖1／3。Ⅰ类错胎患者1例,Ⅱ类错骀患者5例,Ⅲ类错骀患者3例。经牙周基础治疗,控制牙周炎症后开始正畸治疗,均为非拔牙矫治,全部采用无托槽隐形矫治技术矫治。结果隐形矫治疗程最短6个月,最长17个月,平均疗程12．5个月。9例患者咬合关系和面型都得到明显改善,前牙殆创伤消除,牙周炎症控制良好,治疗后牙周探诊深度减小。结论无托槽隐形矫治器对牙周炎错骀患者的治疗是有效的,有利于矫治过程中口腔卫生维护和牙周治疗。     

正畸力作用下大鼠牙周组织中骨桥蛋白的表达

目的：观察SD大鼠正畸牙齿移动过程中牙周组织内骨桥蛋白（osteopontin,OPN）的表达,探讨OPN在正畸牙齿移动过程及成骨方面的作用和机制。方法：选用6～8周龄雄性SD大鼠40只,以左侧上颌第一磨牙为实验组,右侧上颌第一磨牙不加力为对照组,通过自制的加力装置牵引移动大鼠的磨牙,分别在加力后8h、24h、3d、7d处死实验动物,即刻取上颌骨制备组织标本,通过免疫组织化学方法检测SD大鼠牙周组织中OPN的表达。结果：实验组大鼠牙周膜中张力侧OPN表达明显高于对照组,3d、7d组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：在正畸治疗牙齿移动过程中,OPN参与牙周组织的改建并与新骨的形成相关。     

RUNX蛋白在不同发育时期小鼠髁状突中的表达

目的：探索小鼠髁状突形态发育及此过程中RUNX蛋白的表达变化及意义。方法：取胚胎14．5d（E14．5）至出生后7．5d（P7．5）的小鼠下颌骨,制备髁突矢状位切片,苏木素一伊红（HE）染色观察。免疫组化方法检测RUNX蛋白表达分布。结果：E14．5开始,髁突间充质细胞聚集,而后逐渐分化出完整的软骨细胞分层,髁突逐渐由半圆变扁平。免疫组化示RUNXl、2阳性信号主要位于增殖层、前软骨细胞层及部分肥大层细胞,RUNX3阳性信号主要位于前软骨细胞层及肥大层。髁突前后部,RUNXl、2在前软骨细胞层的信号强度较肥大层更高。RUNX整体的表达呈现双峰曲线。结论：髁突前后部成熟较晚,更易发生改建。RUNXl、2协同作用于软骨细胞分化早期,RUNX3调节作用于软骨细胞成熟期。     

Biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose Using a Nontargeted Metabolomics Approach

Using a nontargeted metabolomics approach of 447 fasting plasma metabolites, we searched for novel molecular markers that arise before and after hyperglycemia in a large population-based cohort of 2,204 females (115 type 2 diabetic [T2D] case subjects, 192 individuals with impaired fasting glucose [IFG], and 1,897 control subjects) from TwinsUK. Forty-two metabolites from three major fuel sources (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins) were found to significantly correlate with T2D after adjusting for multiple testing; of these, 22 were previously reported as associated with T2D or insulin resistance. Fourteen metabolites were found to be associated with IFG. Among the metabolites identified, the branched-chain keto-acid metabolite 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate was the strongest predictive biomarker for IFG after glucose (odds ratio [OR] 1.65 [95% CI 1.39–1.95], P = 8.46 × 10⁻⁹) and was moderately heritable (h² = 0.20). The association was replicated in an independent population (n = 720, OR 1.68 [ 1.34–2.11], P = 6.52 × 10⁻⁶) and validated in 189 twins with urine metabolomics taken at the same time as plasma (OR 1.87 [1.27–2.75], P = 1 × 10⁻³). Results confirm an important role for catabolism of branched-chain amino acids in T2D and IFG. In conclusion, this T2D-IFG biomarker study has surveyed the broadest panel of nontargeted metabolites to date, revealing both novel and known associated metabolites and providing potential novel targets for clinical prediction and a deeper understanding of causal mechanisms.Currently, stratification of individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) within the general population is based on well-established factors such as age, BMI, and fasting glucose (1). Although these factors contribute considerably to disease risk, they may not identify at-risk individuals before the disease process is well under way.Recently, a number of studies have found several metabolites to be correlated with insulin resistance and T2D (2–6), and T2D-associated metabolic profiles have been identified 10–15 years before the diagnosis/onset of the disease (7–9). To help preventive strategies, and maximize the potential for existing effective interventions, it is important to characterize the molecular changes that take place in the development of T2D.We aim to understand other biochemical changes, in addition to hyperglycemia, that take place at the onset of T2D using the largest metabolomic screening approach to date. We assessed >400 metabolites to determine which metabolomic profiles are correlated with T2D and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in a large cohort of females from TwinsUK with independent replication.     

Enhanced syndecan-1 expression on neutrophils in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The peripheral neutrophils are one of the main inflammatory cells and significantly influence the damage of endothelium. Type 2 diabetes is a manifestation of an ongoing low-grade inflammation. In diabetes, impairment of neutrophil adhesion to the endothelium and migration to the site of inflammation were detected, which associated closely with adhesion molecules expressed on neutrophils and endothelial cells. To detect the expression of syndecan-1 on neutrophils in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, we recruited 29 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without any diabetic complication and 24 healthy subjects (controls). Expression of syndecan-1 was determined by flow cytometry, and potential correlations between syndecan-1 and clinical characteristics were analyzed. On neutrophils, percentage of positive syndecan-1 cells was significantly higher in subjects with diabetes (10.363 ± 1.689%) than that of the controls (3.775 ± 0.634%, P = 0.001). An association between body mass index (BMI) and percentage of positive syndecan-1 neutrophils was detected (r = 0.415, P = 0.025). When BMI was categorized into subgroups of ≤25 kg/m² (n = 10) and >25 kg/m² (n = 19), the average percentages of positive syndecan-1 neutrophils in patients with diabetes were 5.733 ± 1.842% and 12.642 ± 2.251%, respectively (t = −2.137, P = 0.042). A multiple regression analysis showed that BMI (β = 0.783, P < 0.000) was a significant predictor of positive syndecan-1 neutrophils in subjects with type 2 diabetes.     

Phylogenetic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C env gp120 sequences among four drug-naive families following subsequent heterosexual and vertical transmissions

To characterize phylogenetic relatedness of plasma HIV-1 RNA subtype C env gp120 viral variants capable of establishing an infection following heterosexual and subsequent vertical transmission events a 650-base pair fragment within the C2-V5 subregion was sequenced from four HIV-1-infected families each consisting of biological parent(s), index children (first), and subsequent (second) siblings. None of the family members had received antiretroviral therapy at the time of sample collection. Sequence alignment and analysis were done using Gene Doc, Clustal X, and MEGA software programs. Second siblings' sequences were homogeneous and clustered in a single branch while first siblings' sequences were more heterogeneous, clustering in separate branches, suggestive of more than one donor variants responsible for the infection or evolution from founder variant(s) could have occurred. While the directionality for heterosexual transmission could not be determined, homogeneous viral variants were a unique characteristic of maternal variants as opposed to the more heterogeneous paternal variants. Analysis of families' sequences demonstrated a localized expansion of the subtype C infection. We demonstrated that families' sequences clustered quite closely with other regional HIV-1 subtype C sequences supported by a bootstrap value of 86%, confirming the difficulty of classifying subtype C sequences on a geographic basis. Data are indicative of several mechanisms that may be involved in both vertical and heterosexual transmission. Larger studies are warranted to address the caveats of this study and build on the strengths. Our study could be the beginning of family-based HIV-1 intervention research in Zimbabwe.     

代谢综合征与腹膜透析患者预后的关系

目的:通过分析腹膜透析(PD)患者规律随访资料,探讨代谢综合征(MS)与生存率之间的关系.方法:选取苏州大学附属第二医院PD中心2007年05月至2008年05月行PD治疗并定期随访的患者108例,分为MS组和非MS组,用Kaplan-Meier方法估计两组患者累计生存率,COX比例风险模型用于死亡率相对危险度的比较. 结果:基线时44例(40.7％)患者符合MS的诊断,非MS组的累积生存率为76.9％,MS组为46.5％(经Log-Rank检验,P=0.001).校正混杂因素后经多因素COX比例风险分析示MS组死亡的相对危险度RR 2.336(95％ CI 1.078 ～4.070;P =0.029). 结论:MS的PD患者死亡率更高,是影响患者预后的独立危险因素.