Immunohistochemical localization and dynamics of paraquat in the stomach and esophagus of rats

Summary The dynamics of paraquat in the stomach and esophagus of rats were demonstrated using immunohistochemical techniques. The Rats were killed 3 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 days, 7 days and 10 days after intravenous administration of paraquat. In the stomach, paraquat was localized in the epithelial cells between 24h and 10 days after injection, whereas in the esophagus, paraquat was localized in epithelial cells and the lamina propria mucosa between 12 h and 10 days after administration. Although these findings were similar to those observed in the intestine of rats, no clear changes in the distribution of paraquat with time were observed; suggesting that the stomach and esophagus are important reservoirs for the redistribution of paraquat.     

A case of melorheostosis with a 14-year follow-up

Melorheostosis is a benign sclerosing dysplasia with a very unusual and characteristic roentgenographic appearance. We reported a patient with melorheostosis in the left lower extremity followed up for 14 years. Although the extraosseous lesions only slightly enlarged, the bone scintigraphy showed the activity of the metabolism to be still high.     

A Case of Herpes Zoster Associated with Colitis

A 58-year-old Japanese woman who had herpes zoster in association with colitis was successfully treated with intravenously administrated acyclovir. Vesicular lesions with red haloes ranged from the left side of her buttock to the left extremity, corresponding to the L4 to S2 dermatomes. Her colitis was considered to have been induced by varicella-zoster virus, based on the facts that the clinical courses were correlated and that the innervation of the affected site of the colon corresponded to an infected dermatome (S2).     

Familial occurrence of differentiated,nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma

Familial occurrence of differentiated, nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma in 23 patients from 11 families is reported. Five patients were male and 18 were female. The familial relationship of patients was parent and child in 12 cases from 6 families, and siblings in 11 cases from 5 families. Carcinoma of other organs was noted in other members in 8 families. Histological examination revealed 18 papillary, 2 follicular, and 2 anaplastic carcinomas (the 2 anaplastic carcinomas were considered to be transformed from preexisting differentiated carcinoma). In 1 case, the histological type was unknown. The average diameter of the primary lesion was 29.9 mm. Cervical lymph node metastasis was found in 77.8% and local recurrence in 28.6% of the patients. Solid and invasive growth was dominant. On HLA typing, phenotypes of B₇ and DR₁ were significantly redominant in familial patients compared with nonfamilial patients and normal Japanese. Moreover, the haplotype of B₇-C_w7-DR₁ was observed in 5 of 13 patients tested. It is suggested from these observations that some types of differentiated, nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma may show familial occurrence and that they may have common factors with regard to the genetic and immunologic basis of the disease.

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Resumen Se informa la ocurrencia familiar de carcinoma bien diferenciado, no medular, de tiroides en 23 pacientes provenientes de 11 familias, 5 hombres y 18 mujeres. La relación familiar fue padre e hijo en 12 casos de 6 familias, y hermanos en 11 casos de 5 familias. Se observé la presencia de carcinoma de otros órganos en otros miembros de 8 familias. El examen histopatológico reveló 18 carcinomas papilares, 2 foliculares, y 2 anaplásicos (los 2 fueron considerados como transformación de carcinomas diferenciados preexistentes). En un caso no fue conocido el tipo histológico. El diámetro promedio de la lesión primaria fue 29.9 mm. Se hallaron metástasis en ganglios cervicales en 77.8% de los pacientes y recurrencia local en 28.6%. El crecimiento sólido e invasivo apareció como característica dominante. En la tipificación HLA aparecieron como significativamente predominantes los fenotipos de B₇ y DR₁ en pacientes familiares en comparación con pacientes no familiares y japoneses normales. Por otra parte, el halotipo de B₇-C_W7-DR₁ fue observado en 5 de 13 pacientes investigados.Como resultado de estas observationes se sugiere que algunos tipos de carcinomas diferenciados, no medulares, pueden demostrar ocurrencia familiar y que pueden poseer factores comunes relacionados con las bases genéticas e inmunológicas de la enfermedad.

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Résumé On a étudié les caratéristiques du cancer de la thyroïde, dans sa variété différenciée non médullaire, survenu chez 23 patients provenant de 11 familles. Cinq patients étaient des hommes, 18 des femmes. La relation familiale était parent/enfant dans 12 cas provenant de 6 familles, et frère/soeur dans 11 cas provenant de 5 familles. Des membres de 8 autres familles présentaient un cancer d'un autre organe. Il y avait 18 cancers papillaires, 2 cancers folliculaires, et 2 cancers anaplasiques (on a considéré que les 2 cancers anaplasiques étaient des transformations à partir de cancers différenciés préexistants). Dans un cas, le type histologique était inconnu. Le diamètre moyen de la lésion primitive était de 29.9 mm. On a retrouvé des métastases ganglionnaires cervicales chez 77.8% des patients et une récidive locale chez 28.6%. Les tumeurs étaient principalement solides et invasives. Par rapport aux cancéreux non familiaux et à la population japonaise normale, il y avait plus de phénotypes B₇ et DR₁ au système HLA. L'haplotype B₇-C_W7-DR₁ était observé chez 5 des 13 patients testés.On suggère que certains types de cancer différenciés, non médullaires, ayant des facteurs communs génétiques et immunologiques, peuvent survenir dans une même famille.

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Presented at the International Association of Endocrine Surgeons in Sydney, Australia, September, 1987.     

Improvement in the Treatment of Childhood Cancer: Analysis of Survival Data from the National Children's Hospital (1965-1987)

Developments in the treatment of childhood cancer have beenevaluated in patients who had been treated in the National Children'sHospital from 1965 to 1987. The total number of patients was867, of which leukemia accounted for 376, malignant lymphoma61, neuroblastoma 174, Wilms' tumor 55, yolk sac tumor 29, rhabdomyosarcoma36 and hepatoblastoma 30. Patients were divided into three timeintervals: the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. A marked improvementin five-year survival was recognized in Wilms' tumor and yolksac tumor, amounting to 80%, followed by rhabdomyosarcoma, acutelymphoblastic leukemia and malignant lymphoma. There was noimprovement in patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia,neuroblastoma and hepatoblastoma. Prognostic factors for neuroblastomawere further analyzed, and the age of onset and stage of diseasewere found to have remained constant for 23 years. Factors relatingto the improvement of survival were discussed.     

Progressive cerebellar ataxia with diencephalic symptoms (Toyokura)--a case report]

We reported a 16-year-old boy suffering from dwarfism, diabetes insipidus and progressive cerebellar ataxia. The disease entity here reported was originally reported by Toyokura et al. in 1967, under the title of "progressive cerebellar ataxia with diencephalic symptoms". Ten similar cases have been reported in literature so far, all of which were Japanese except for two sibling cases reported by Robinson et al. The topographic distribution of the lesion in this disorder, however, had been conjectured to be at spinocerebellar tract and diencephalon only on a clinical ground. By applying the modern techniques of neuroimaging, electrophysiological and endocrinological test in our patient, the authors were able to demonstrate the lesion of the disorder more precisely. CT and MRI of the head revealed degenerative changes in deeper structures of the bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. ABR abnormality suggested the presence of a wide lesion in the brain stem. Pituitary hormones (GH and ACTH) sufficiently responded to the loading of hypothalamic hormones such as growth hormone releasing factor and corticotropin releasing factor, in spite of poor responses of GH under the insulin stimulation or sleep. These clinical and laboratory findings suggested that the patient has a systemic degenerative disease which preferentially involves hypothalamus, brain stem and cerebellum.     

Clinical experiences with a new membrane oxygenator with low priming volume (D702 MASTER FLO 51), studies during pulsatile and constant flow perfusion

The newly developed oxygenator "D702" is a compact hollow fiber membrane oxygenator with a priming volume of 170 ml. The maximum flow allowance is 4 liters per/minute. We used this oxygenator in 16 patients (11 infants and children, and 5 adults) undergoing various open heart surgery, and function of this oxygenator was studied. Pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass was performed in 8 patients and nonpulsatile constant flow perfusion was employed in the remaining 8 patients. Our clinical experience showed excellent maintenance of PaO2 and PaCO2 during both pulsatile and constant flow bypasses. A low pressure drop was encountered across the membrane oxygenator, and therefore, this oxygenator is applicable for pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass. The D702 is a very useful and applicable for a wide range of patients from infants to adults with a small body structure.     

Effect of halothane and enflurane on hepatic blood flow and oxygen consumption in dogs

We investigated the relative effects of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 MAC halothane and enflurane, and concurrent noxious stimulus on hepatic blood flow and oxygen consumption in 14 mongrel dogs randomly divided into groups of seven each. Hepatic arterial and portal venous blood flow (HABF and PVBF, respectively) were measured continuously using ultrasonic transit time flow meter. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), cardiac index (CI), hepatic oxygen supply, and hepatic oxygen consumption (H _{O 2}) were measured. Halothane significantly deceased HABF, but not PVBF in a dose dependent manner. Enflurane did not affect HABF and PVBF significantly. MAP and CI decreased in both groups, with halothane producing more marked decreases than enflurane. H _{O 2} did not change with enflurane, but did with halothane, producing significant differences, with halothane being greater at 1.5, 2.0 MAC. A noxious stimulus only caused minor change in blood flow. The results suggest that liver blood flow and oxygen consumption are affected differently by halothane and enflurane and that halothane has a stronger tendency to cause an imbalance between liver oxygen supply and consumption than dose enflurane.(Masaki E, Yasuda N, Tanifuji Y et al.: Effect of halothane and enflurane on hepatic blood flow and oxygen consumption in dogs. J Anesth 3: 118–122, 1989)     

Expression of Jun activation domain-binding protein 1 and p27 (Kip1) in thyroid medullary carcinoma

AIMS: p27 is a prominent regulator of cell proliferation by universally inhibiting the cell cycle, while Jun activation domain-binding protein 1 (Jab1), a multifunctional cell signaling protein, contributes to carcinoma progression by degrading p27. In this study, we investigated the expression of these proteins in medullary thyroid carcinoma. METHODS: We immunohistochemically examined Jab1 and p27 expression in 64 medullary thyroid carcinomas. RESULTS: Of the 64 cases examined, decreased p27 expression was observed in 38 cases (59.4%). The p27 expression level was inversely linked to tumour size as well as plasma calcitonin level. Jab1 expression level was generally high, and 46 cases (71.9%) were classified as overexpressing Jab1. The incidence was higher than those in papillary and follicular carcinomas, which were previously reported. Jab1 expression level was inversely linked to that of p27, and all five cases with only cytoplasmic but not nuclear staining of p27 overexpressed Jab1. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that (1) decrease in p27 expression may contribute to local tumour growth; (2) Jab1 expression is related to the progression of medullary carcinoma by decreasing the amount of p27 in the cell and accelerating its degradation; and (3) Jab1 may play a more vital role in the pathogenesis of medullary carcinoma than papillary and follicular carcinomas.