具有防坠床功能的智能护理床的研制

目的:设计一种护理床,以预防缺乏自控能力的老年人和智障人员发生坠床危险。方法:利用重心测定原理,计算患者在床上的位置,并辅以红外探测报警,实现自动报警防坠床的主要功能。结果:该护理床在Labview环境下编制监控程序,建立自动监控报警系统;以相应比例的砝码代替患者进行实验测试。结论:测试结果表明:①该装置监控到报警响应时间短,能够及时发现隐患,减少患者意外发生。②护理床采用全自动监控报警,可减轻护理人员的负担。     

逆转手法按摩和系列石膏固定治疗小婴儿先天性马蹄内翻足

目的:观察应用逆转手法按摩和系列石膏固定治疗先天性马蹄内翻足的疗效。方法:选择2004-01/2006-02郑州市儿童医院门诊就诊的先天性马蹄内翻足患儿29例41足,柔软型20例27足,僵硬型9例14足;平均年龄46d。于石膏室应用逆转手法按摩后行系列石膏固定治疗,矫正后应用矫形支具维持治疗。矫正标准:足部外展40°、外翻20°、背伸20°,提起患儿,其足部能在桌面上踏平。结果:24例34足通过手法按摩、系列石膏固定矫正,占83%(24/29),平均治疗时间6.3周;5例7足(均为僵硬型)畸形减轻,3例3足行经皮跟腱延长术,2例4足行肌平衡术。全部病例均获随访,随访6￣30个月,平均17个月。其中3例6足畸形复发,5足行经皮跟腱延长术,1足行肌平衡术。结论:应用逆转手法按摩、系列石膏固定治疗先天性马蹄内翻足效果显著。     

A single nucleotide polymorphism in APOA5 determines triglyceride levels in Hong Kong and Guangzhou Chinese

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene have been associated with hypertriglyceridaemia. We investigated which SNPs in the APOA5 gene were associated with triglyceride levels in two independent Chinese populations. In all, 1375 subjects in the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study were genotyped for five tagging SNPs chosen from HapMap. Replication was sought in 1996 subjects from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Among the five SNPs, rs662799 (-1131T>C) was strongly related to log-transformed triglyceride levels among Hong Kong subjects (β=0.192, P=2.6 × 10⁻¹³). Plasma triglyceride level was 36.1% higher in CC compared to TT genotype. This association was confirmed in Guangzhou subjects (β=0.159, P=1.3 × 10⁻¹²), and was significantly irrespective of sex, age group, obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes, smoking and alcohol drinking. The odds ratios and 95% confidence interval for plasma triglycerides ≥1.7 mmol/l associated with TC and CC genotypes were, respectively, 1.81 (1.37–2.39) and 2.22 (1.44–3.43) in Hong Kong and 1.27 (1.05–1.54) and 1.97 (1.42–2.73) in Guangzhou. Haplotype analysis suggested the association was due to rs662799 only. The corroborative findings in two independent populations indicate that the APOA5-1131T>C polymorphism is an important and clinically relevant determinant of plasma triglyceride levels in the Chinese population.     

Should endometrial polyps be removed in patients with postmenopausal bleeding?—an assessment of study designs and report of a failed randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN73825127)

We describe the design of a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of endometrial polyp removal in women with postmenopausal bleeding. We designed a trial in which patients with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrial thickness >4 mm undergo hysteroscopy. If during hysteroscopy an endometrial polyp was diagnosed, patients were asked to participate in this trial and after informed consent allocated to immediate removal of the polyp or expectant management. This trial suffered from lack of recruitment related both to doctors seeking for informed consent as well as to patients' unwillingness to participate in this trial. However, a randomised controlled trial on this subject is still necessary to evaluate the efficacy of uterine cavity evaluation in the diagnostic work-up of women with postmenopausal bleeding, focussing on benign pathology. Therefore, we propose an alternative design, which might be more feasible.     

Community‐based diabetic retinopathy screening in Hong Kong: ocular findings

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common causes of blindness. Timely retinal evaluation is known to prevent or minimise visual loss. This study compared the prevalence of ocular disorders in patients who have and have not undergone a retinal examination since diagnosis of their type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Such data might be useful for planning purposes by health care authorities and agencies in Hong Kong. Methods: Patients with T2DM aged 30 years or over presented for standardised interviews and screening for diabetic retinopathy. The presence of ocular disorders was recorded and the severity of the retinopathy, if any, was graded using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) classification. Results: For the 1058 subjects who participated in this study, the mean age at examination was 61.8 ± 10.5 (SD) years (range, 31–93 years). For the 891 subjects with known diabetes for one year or longer, 62.7 per cent had never undergone an evaluation for diabetic retinopathy since diagnosis of their T2DM. Of the 891 subjects, gradable fundus photographs were available for 853 subjects and nearly 2.0 per cent of these had sight‐threatening retinopathy based on the ETDRS classification. Those who had not had an eye examination since diagnosis of their T2DM were more likely to have sight‐threatening retinopathy than those who had a retinal evaluation (2.6 versus 0.6 per cent; p = 0.04). Conclusion: In our sample, over 60 per cent of patients with T2DM for one year or longer had not had a retinal assessment since diagnosis. The risk of developing sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy appears to be higher for those who have not had a retinal assessment.     

帕米膦酸二钠的合成

目的：合成二钠３－氨基－１－羟基－亚丙基－二膦酸盐（帕米膦酸二钠）。方法：有,无溶剂的两种合成路线,并对工艺进行改进,所得产物经元素分析,红外光谱,质谱等分析确证结构。结果;两种路线均可合成目标化合物。路线Ａ收率高于路线Ｂ。结论：溶剂的加入使本反应体系均一,有利于产物生成。     

大环骨架结构的倍半萜化合物——Ⅵ.马兜铃新内酯的化学结构测定

自绵毛马兜铃(Aristolochia mollissima Hance)根茎中分得九个化合物,其中已报道的七个化合物是尿囊素、马兜铃内酯、绵毛马兜铃内酯、β-谷甾醇、马兜铃酸A、9-乙氧基马兜铃内酯和9-乙氧基马兜铃内酰胺,本文报道结晶K_3的化学结构,经光谱分析(IR,~1H-NMR,~(13)C-NMR,2D-NMR和MS),化学反应及X-衍射晶体分析,确证K_3为一个新骨架结构的倍半萜化合物,命名为马兜铃新内酯。