安徽省成年居民慢性肾病患病流行现状及相关因素研究

目的 利用2018年安徽省中国成人慢性病与营养监测数据,比较不同特征成年居民慢性肾病（CKD）患病率,并分析其相关因素。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,选取≥18岁居民进行询问调查、身体测量和实验室检测。使用复杂加权方法估算不同特征居民的CKD患病率,CKD患病及其相关因素的多因素分析采用复杂抽样数据logistic回归模型。结果 共纳入7 181人,成年居民CKD患病率为11.06%,女性CKD患病率（12.49%）高于男性（9.59%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。居民CKD进展的中、高和极高风险程度比例分别为8.66%、2.02%和0.38%。多因素分析结果显示,年龄（OR=1.03,95%CI：1.00~1.05）和BMI（OR=1.05,95%CI：1.01~1.09）增加、女性（OR=1.38,95%CI：1.22~1.55）、高血压（OR=2.50,95%CI：1.76~3.56）、糖尿病（OR=2.28,95%CI：1.51~3.43）、血脂异常（OR=1.26,95%CI：1.11~1.43）和高尿酸血症（OR=2.16,95%CI：1.68~2.78）均为CKD的危险因素。结论 安徽省成年居民CKD患病率较高,CKD与年龄、性别、BMI、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和高尿酸血症相关,应当注重相关危险因素的管控,包括超重/肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和高尿酸血症,预防CKD及其并发症。     

雌激素替代治疗对卵巢切除大鼠海马CA1区有髓神经纤维及其髓鞘的影响

目的：探讨雌激素替代治疗（estrogen replacement treatment,ERT）对卵巢切除（ovariectomy,OVX）大鼠海马CA1区有髓神经纤维及其髓鞘的影响。方法：对10~11月龄的雌性SD大鼠进行双侧卵巢切除术,术后1月将成功切除卵巢的大鼠随机分为安慰剂对照组（OVX+O组）和雌激素替代治疗组（OVX+E组）,前者给予连续4周安慰剂（芝麻油）处理,后者给予连续4周17β-雌二醇替代治疗,4周后采用Morris水迷宫对2组大鼠的空间学习能力进行测试,用化学发光法测定2组大鼠体内循环雌激素浓度,用透射电子显微镜和体视学方法对两组大鼠海马CA1区有髓神经纤维及其髓鞘进行定量研究。结果：OVX+E组大鼠体内循环雌激素浓度明显高于OVX+O组（t=5.688,P=0.000）;OVX+E组大鼠空间学习能力明显提高（F=9.645,P=0.006）。2组大鼠CA1区体积（t=1.451,P=0.181）、有髓神经纤维体积（t=－1.158,P=0.294）、有髓神经纤维髓鞘体积（u=－0.642,P=0.521）、有髓神经纤维平均直径（t=0.630,P=0.545）和有髓神经纤维髓鞘厚度（u=－1.746,P=0.081）均不存在统计学差异,但是OVX+E组直径在0.6~0.7 μm的有髓神经纤维髓鞘厚度比OVX+O组大鼠增加14.1%（t=2.428,P=0.038）,OVX+E组直径在0.8~0.9 μm的有髓神经纤维直径与轴突直径差比OVX+O组大鼠增加18.2%（t=2.432,P=0.038）。结论：短期雌激素替代治疗可以改善大鼠空间学习能力并对海马CA1区有髓神经纤维髓鞘具有保护作用。     

后发性白内障患者行YAG激光后囊切开术后人工晶状体的偏移及眼轴的改变

目的:研究后发障患者在行YAG激光后囊切开术后人工晶体有无发生偏移,以及眼轴是否发生变化.方法:收集白内障超声乳化并人工晶体植入术后不同时间段内发生后发性白内障患者14例18眼.所有患者在行YAG激光术前均先参照标准对数视力表验光并获得最佳矫正视力,以眼前节OCT获得眼前段图像,并以CMOS测得眼轴.本研究中定义瞳孔所在的水平面与人工晶体的前表面所成的夹角为人工晶体偏移度(简称偏移度,单位:度).完成相关检查后,对患者逐一行YAG激光后囊切开术,术后双氯芬酸钠滴眼液滴术眼一次,术后1h,1wk后对患眼行验光,眼前节OCT及CMOS检查.分别记录患眼人工晶状体的偏移度、眼轴长度及最佳矫正视力,并以SPSS进行统计分析.结果:YAG激光术前各例眼的平均偏移度为2.896±2.286度,平均眼轴为23.56±0.55 mm;术后1h平均偏移度为4.702±2.991度,平均眼轴为23.40±0.59 mm;YAG术后1h较术前相比最佳矫正视力提高了平均3.72±1.74行.YAG术后1wk回访患者有9例12眼,此12眼的YAG术后1h的平均偏移度为3.175±1.791度,术后1wk的平均偏移度为3.434±1.835度.YAG术后1h与术前相比人工晶体偏移度的差异有统计学意义;术后1h与术前相比眼轴的差异无统计学意义;YAG术后1wk与术后1h人工晶体偏移度的差异无统计学意义;YAG术后1h较术前提高的最佳矫正视力行数与术后1h较术前人工晶体偏移度的差值具有相关性,相关系数为-0.523.结论:后发障患者行YAG激光后囊切开术后人工晶体发生偏移,而眼轴长度几乎不变;且YAG术后人工晶体发生的偏移量越小,最佳矫正视力提高越多.     

125I粒子植入术对荷神经母细胞瘤裸鼠有效性和安全性实验研究

目的 采用动物实验方法探索 ¹²⁵I粒子植入术治疗神经母细胞瘤的有效性和安全性。方法 建立动物模型并分为 ¹²⁵I组、对照组和空白组,每组各15只。每3天测量肿瘤长、短径。每9 d计算肿瘤抑制率,检测肿瘤组织、瘤周组织凋亡、增殖蛋白表达情况,以及裸鼠内分泌指标和骨髓情况。两均数比较采用独立样本t检验。多组间分析采用单因素方差分析。结果 肿瘤抑瘤率在第9、18、27天时 ¹²⁵I组均高于对照组、空白组(P值均<0.05),对照组与空白组相近(P>0.05)。肿瘤组织Caspase-3表达 ¹²⁵I组高于对照组、空白组,PCNA表达 ¹²⁵I组低于对照组、空白组(P值均<0.05),对照组和空白组相近(P>0.05)。瘤周组织中Caspase-3、PCNA在各组间表达均相近(P值均>0.05)。肿瘤组织中凋亡细胞数 ¹²⁵I组高于空白组、对照组(P值均<0.05),空白组和对照组相近(P>0.05)。各组间内分泌指标相近(P>0.05)。¹²⁵I组中裸鼠无明显骨髓抑制现象,且与对照组和空白组相近(P值均>0.05)。结论 ¹²⁵I粒子对神经母细胞瘤有明显的杀伤作用,且在治疗剂量内也比较安全。     

Downregulation of the IFNAR1 chain of type 1 interferon receptor contributes to the maintenance of the haematopoietic stem cells

Recent studies demonstrated that prolonged exposure of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to type I interferons (IFN) stimulates HSCs entrance into cell cycle, continuous proliferation and eventual exhaustion, which could be prevented by ablation of the Ifnar1 chain of IFN receptor. Given that levels IFNAR1 expression can be robustly affected by IFN-independent ubiquitination and downregulation of IFNAR1 in response to activation of protein kinases such as protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and casein kinase 1α (CK1α), we aimed to determine the role of IFNAR1 downregulation in the maintenance of HSCs. Mice harboring the ubiquitination-deficient Ifnar1^S526A allele displayed greater levels of haematopoietic cell progenitors but reduced numbers of the long-term HSCs compared with wild type mice and animals lacking Ifnar1. Studies using competitive bone marrow repopulation assays showed that CK1α (but not PERK) is essential for the long-term HSCs function. Concurrent ablation of Ifnar1 led to a modest attenuation of the CK1α-null phenotype indicating that, although other CK1α targets are likely to be important, IFNAR1 downregulation can contribute to the maintenance of the HSCs function.     

杭州市城区成年居民步行时间与建成环境主观感知的关联分析

目的 了解杭州市城区成年居民步行与建成环境主观感知之间的关系。方法 2012年采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法选取杭州市城区25~59岁居民开展面对面问卷调查。采用国际体力活动量表长版(IPAQ-L)和社区步行环境量表简版(NEWS-A)评价居民过去1周交通出行相关步行时间、休闲性步行时间以及建成环境主观感知。利用多因素logistic回归法分析步行与建成环境主观感知得分的关联性。结果 杭州市城区成年居民过去1周总体力活动得分M=2 766 met·min^-1·week^-1,平均1周休闲相关步行时间为90 min,平均1周交通相关步行时间则为100 min。控制年龄、BMI、婚姻状况、工作状态、文化程度、居住社区类型、总体力活动水平后,男性(OR=0.764,95%CI:0.588~0.992)和女性(OR=0.633,95%CI:0.481~0.833)的休闲性步行时间均与场所设施可及性维度得分呈负相关,女性休闲性步行时间还与住宅密度维度得分呈负相关(OR=0.997,95%CI:0.996~0.999),女性交通出行相关步行时间则与步行道/自行车道维度得分呈正相关(OR=1.537,95%CI:1.138~2.075)。男性交通出行相关步行时间与建成环境主观感知各维度得分的关联均无统计学意义。结论 可通过改善步行道/自行车道等建成环境促进成年居民的交通相关步行时间,开展成年人步行的环境干预时需要考虑性别差异。     

中国18岁以下双生子出生体重与超重/肥胖的关联分析

目的 分析出生体重与儿童时期超重/肥胖间的关联。方法 使用中国双生子登记系统基线调查的<18岁双生子人群(共8267对),采用双生子对内对照设计方法,探索出生体重与儿童青少年时期BMI及超重/肥胖之间的关联。结果 调整性别和卵型的影响后,出生体重每增加0.5 kg,超重/肥胖的风险:幼儿及学龄前期(≥ 2且<6岁)儿童增加0.87倍,学龄期(≥ 6且<12岁)儿童增加0.69倍,青春期(≥ 12且<18岁)青少年增加0.28倍。结论 双生子出生体重与幼儿及学龄期超重/肥胖存在正向关联,但在指导实施公共卫生干预措施时仍需谨慎。     

Inter-relationships of nutrient intakes for urban Chinese spouses in Taiwan

This study was to examine dietary intakes and the inter-relationships in urban Chinese spouses in Taipei, Taiwan. We analyzed the dietary intakes and related household factors for 82 wives and their husbands by 24-h recalls and a Chinese food frequency questionnaire (CFFQ) designed with meal sequences in Taipei, Taiwan. The distributions of energy assessed from CFFQ by meals were similar for husbands and wives, with 16% for breakfast, 39% for lunch, 40% for dinner and 5% for snacks (afternoon and evening combined). Assessed by 24-h recalls, the means for total energy, the energy per kilogram body weight, and the percent energy from fat, protein, and carbohydrate were different: 2394 kcal, 34.4 kcal/kg, 31%, 15%, and 51% for husbands; and 1729 kcal, 32.0 kcal/kg, 34%, 16%, and 50% for wives, respectively. The P/M/S (polyunsaturated fat/monounsaturated fat/saturated fat) ratios were 1.5/1.2/1 for husbands and 1.3/1.2/1 for wives. A high eating-out frequency may account for the low correlations for most nutrient intakes between husbands and wives. Canonical correlation analysis for total energy, protein and carbohydrate reveals significant inter-relationships between husbands and wives. Carbohydrate is the consistent and important variable that weighted in an opposite direction with protein and energy intakes in both husbands and wives. These results support the observation that decreased rice consumption as a staple food, cooked at home, for urban Chinese couples, indicated by decreased carbohydrate intake in wives, may account for the increase of energy and protein intakes for husbands.     

响应面优化超声波提取栀子油脂工艺研究

目的：本研究采用响应面优化超声波提取栀子中油脂的提取工艺。方法：通过单因素实验,确定提取时间、液料比和提取次数为影响因子,采用响应面法分析3个因素对栀子油脂提取率的影响。结果：最佳提取条件为提取时间为28.7min,液料比为11.62：1,提取次数为3.36次,在此条件下,做3次平行试验进行验证,得到栀子油脂的提取率为13.50%,与模型预测值之间拟合性较好。结论：超声波提取有效的提高栀子油脂的提取率,为栀子油脂的开发利用提供了一定的依据。     

Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Produces Analgesia by Inhibiting Tetrodotoxin-Resistant Nav1.8 Sodium Channel Activity in Rat Primary Sensory Neurons

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. It is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Whether and how GDF-15 modulates nociceptive signaling remains unclear. Behaviorally, we found that peripheral GDF-15 significantly elevated nociceptive response thresholds to mechanical and thermal stimuli in naïve and arthritic rats. Electrophysiologically, we demonstrated that GDF-15 decreased the excitability of small-diameter dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Furthermore, GDF-15 concentration-dependently suppressed tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel Nav1.8 currents, and shifted the steady-state inactivation curves of Nav1.8 in a hyperpolarizing direction. GDF-15 also reduced window currents and slowed down the recovery rate of Nav1.8 channels, suggesting that GDF-15 accelerated inactivation and slowed recovery of the channel. Immunohistochemistry results showed that activin receptor-like kinase-2 (ALK2) was widely expressed in DRG medium- and small-diameter neurons, and some of them were Nav1.8-positive. Blockade of ALK2 prevented the GDF-15-induced inhibition of Nav1.8 currents and nociceptive behaviors. Inhibition of PKA and ERK, but not PKC, blocked the inhibitory effect of GDF-15 on Nav1.8 currents. These results suggest a functional link between GDF-15 and Nav1.8 in DRG neurons via ALK2 receptors and PKA associated with MEK/ERK, which mediate the peripheral analgesia of GDF-15.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12264-021-00709-5.