High and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid-coated gold nanobipyramids for photothermal therapy

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. It is known that hyaluronic acid (HA) binds CD44 receptors, which are overexpressed on the surface of TNBC cells. To optimize the targeting ability of HA, in this study we coated gold nanobipyramids (GBPs) with high and low molecular weight HA (380 kDa and 102 kDa), named GBPs@h-HA and GBPs@l-HA, respectively. GBPs@l-HA and GBPs@h-HA had excellent stability when dispersed in water and PBS (pH 7.4) for seven days. The HA density was calculated by the ratio of HA to GBPs@l-HA and GBPs@h-HA, which was 13.22 and 4.77, respectively. The two nanoparticles displayed good photostability, which was evaluated by their photothermal performance and similar biocompatibility. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) revealed superior cellular uptake of GBPs@h-HA over GBPs@l-HA. Upon 808 nm laser irradiation, the GBPs@h-HA also showed higher therapeutic efficacy than GBPs@l-HA both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our study demonstrates that the molecular weight of HA plays an important role in the targeting ability and thus photothermal therapeutic efficacy of HA-coated gold nanobipyramids.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Hyaluronic acid (HA) could bind CD44 receptors, which are overexpressed on the surface of TNBC cells. Upon 808 nm laser irradiation, the GBPs@HA showed high therapeutic efficacy in vivo.     

整合医学模式下生理学教学新理念与教学体系的构建

以生理学课程教学为例,深入探讨在整合医学模式下,为实现培养未来整合性医学人才的目标,采取抓住核心概念的讲解、打通系统的壁垒、引入创建应用新的生理学教育理念、推动基础与临床的教学融合、建立与之匹配的教学和学习方法及评价体系等措施,构建新的生理学教学模式。并初步实现了在督促学生重视基础理论知识学习的同时,加强其对知识的深度理解和拓展应用。更加注重以问题为导向的临床思维、科学创新精神的养成,及科研、医疗实践能力的培养等综合素质的提高。     

Layer-by-layer assembled polyaniline/carbon nanomaterial-coated cellulosic aerogel electrodes for high-capacitance supercapacitor applications

Traditional layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled electrodes are mostly multilayer composites formed on two-dimensional membrane materials. In this case, the electroactive material cannot enter the interior of the substrate. With porous aerogels as the substrate, the LbL assembly of the electroactive material into the three-dimensional aerogel skeleton can be realised, greatly improving the utilisation and the electrochemical performance of the electroactive material. To create a promising aerogel electrode for high-performance energy storage devices, we herein report an aerogel based on wood pulp fibre (WPF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), for use as a porous substrate for LbL assembly of nanostructural polyaniline (PANI) and graphene oxide (GO) or carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CMCNT). Owing to the uniformly distributed multilayer nanoarchitecture, interpenetrating channels, and hydrophilic character of the cellulosic aerogel substrate, the produced electrodes of (PANI/CMCNT)₁₀ and (PANI/CMCNT)₁₀ both display high specific capacitances, favourable capacitance retention, good cycling stabilities, and structural flexibility. In the three-electrode test, their gravimetric specific capacitances are as high as 716.62 and 636.63 F g⁻¹, respectively. In addition, the assembled symmetric supercapacitors show good areal specific capacitances (1.95 and 1.49 F cm⁻²) in addition to high areal specific energies (168.64 and 113.57 mW h cm⁻², respectively). These results demonstrate that the integration of the LbL-assembled electroactive materials and porous cellulosic aerogel substrate can be a promising strategy to design high-efficiency green energy storage devices.

Cellulosic aerogel was used as a porous lightweight substrate to layer-by-layer assembly polyaniline and carbon nanomaterials for high capacitance supercapacitor applications.     

中国慢性病前瞻性研究:10个项目地区成年人肺功能指标水平和气流受限现患率的差异分析

目的 描述中国慢性病前瞻性研究(CKB)10个地区人群肺功能指标水平和气流受限现患率的地区差异。方法 剔除基线调查时肺功能指标异常个体后,分析10个地区512 495名30～79岁调查对象肺功能指标水平(FEV₁和FVC)和气流受限(分别采用GOLD标准和LLN标准进行判断)现患率的地区差异。结果 10个地区男性的FEV₁(2.66 L)和FVC(3.16 L)均高于女性(1.99 L和2.35 L);河南和哈尔滨人群FEV₁和FVC高于其他地区。基于GOLD标准的气流受限现患率:男性(5.13%)高于女性(3.75%);农村人群高于城市(男性:6.32% vs. 3.47%;女性:4.26% vs. 2.97%);四川人群现患率最高(男性为13.34%,女性为10.70%),其次是苏州、河南和湖南。基于LLN标准的气流受限现患率(男性为6.93%,女性为6.29%)略高于GOLD标准,但地区差异近似。结论 CKB的10个地区人群无论在肺功能指标水平和气流受限现患率上均存在明显的地区差异。     

中国1995－2012年双生子出生体重变化趋势分析

目的 描述分析中国双生子出生体重变化趋势。方法 使用中国双生子登记系统在中国8个省份收集的1995-2012年出生的双生子人群(共10 827对),采用病例回顾方法分析出生体重各指标情况和变化趋势。结果 调整性别、卵型、出生地区后,出生年份每推迟5年,双生子出生体重平均值降低0.01 kg(P=0.041).随着时间变化,双生子优势方出生体重、劣势方出生体重均不同程度地降低,出生体重相对差与出生体重不一致率在2007年以后有升高趋势。结论 1995-2012年中国双生子出生体重呈下降趋势,出生体重不一致率逐渐上升。考虑到出生体重不一致与某些不良健康结局的风险存在关联,应对双生子出生体重不一致予以重视。     

中国10个地区成年人食物摄入频率特征差异的分析

目的 描述中国慢性病前瞻性研究(CKB)项目10个地区人群食物摄入频率特征的地区差异。方法 CKB项目于2004－2008年在城市和农村各5个地区募集自愿参加的30～79岁常住居民进入队列并完成基线调查。本研究分析10个项目地区中512 891名30～79岁队列成员12组食物的摄入频率,描述各食物组摄入频率特征的地区差异。结果 南方城市(99.0%)和南方农村(99.9%)人群每天摄入的谷类食物以大米为主,北方农村(99.0%)和北方城市如青岛(88.4%)人群则以面食为主。河南人群每天摄入杂粮人群比例最高(98.8%)。甘肃人群每天摄入新鲜蔬菜比例最低(74.0%)。在南方城市人群每天摄入新鲜水果、腌制蔬菜、肉类及其制品比例高于农村地区,北方也存在相同现象。北方城市(37.1%)和农村(14.6%)人群每天摄入蛋类及其制品高于南方城市(6.5%)和农村(6.9%)。北方城市地区人群每天摄入豆制品、乳类及其制品比例最高,其中哈尔滨人群每天摄入豆制品比例最高(10.0%),青岛人群每天摄入乳类及其制品比例最高(34.3%)。结论 CKB项目研究人群谷类食物、蛋类及其制品、豆制品摄入频率存在南北差异,肉类及其制品、家禽及其制品、水产/海产品、新鲜水果、腌制蔬菜、乳类及其制品摄入频率存在城乡差异。     

杭州市城区不同特征人群对体力活动相关建成环境的主观感知评价

目的 了解杭州市城区不同特征人群的体力活动相关建成环境主观感知情况。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法在杭州市城区抽取25~59岁常住居民开展面对面问卷调查。社区步行环境量表简版(NEWS-A)用于评价居民对社区内住宅密度、场所设施多样性、公共服务可及性、街道连通性、步行道和自行车道适宜性、美观舒适度、交通安全、治安8个建成环境维度的主观感知。采用两水平logistic回归模型分析社会人口学特征和BMI等个体因素对居民建成环境主观感知的影响。结果 共纳入1 362例常住居民,性别、婚姻状况、是否有工作与建成环境主观感知各维度得分关联均无统计学意义。调整其他因素影响后,年龄45~59岁与街道连通性感知得分呈正相关(OR=2.02,95%CI:1.30~3.15)。大专及以上文化程度与人口密度感知得分存在正相关(OR=1.97,95%CI:1.29~3.00),与场所设施多样性感知得分呈负相关(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.43~0.97)。超重肥胖与步行道/自行车道(OR=0.67,95%CI:0.48~0.95)和社区治安得分(OR=0.75,95%CI:0.57~0.99)均呈负相关。相对于Ⅰ类区域,Ⅲ类区域居民对场所设施多样性(OR=0.11,95%CI:0.04~0.30)、公共服务可及性(OR=0.33,95%CI:0.11~0.95)、街道连通性(OR=0.30,95%CI:0.11~0.86)、交通安全(OR=0.39,95%CI:0.17~0.91)的主观感知得分更低。结论 杭州市城区居民对体力活动相关的建成环境主观感知与年龄、文化程度、BMI和居住区域存在相关性,开展人群体力活动的环境干预时需要考虑个体特征。     

胎盘组织中牙周细菌对子痫前期孕妇妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨子痫前期(PE)合并牙周炎患者血清C反应蛋白(CRP)水平、胎盘组织中牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Pg)、伴放线放线杆菌(An)、具核梭杆菌(Fn)、直肠弯曲菌(Cr)4种牙周细菌的表达及胎盘组织中一氧化氮(NO)含量变化的意义。方法选择2012年1月至2013年10月于广东省妇幼保健院诊断为PE并住院分娩的25例孕妇为研究对象,并纳入PE组。此外,随机选择同期于本院建卡、定期接受产前检查并住院分娩的健康孕妇27例纳入对照组。按照是否合并牙周炎,进一步将PE组和对照组分别分为PE合并牙周炎亚组(PE-A亚组,n=16)、PE未合并牙周炎亚组(PE-B亚组,n=9)与正常妊娠合并牙周炎亚组(对照-A亚组,n=10)、正常妊娠未合并牙周炎亚组(对照-B亚组,n=17)。4组受试者的年龄构成比、体质量、孕前体质指数(BMI)等一般临床病历资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。本研究遵循的程序符合广东省妇幼保健院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,分组征得受试对象的知情同意,并与之签署临床研究知情同意书。分别使用免疫透射比浊法、PCR、Western blotting、Griess法对孕妇血清CRP水平、胎盘组织中牙周细菌DNA、内皮细胞型一氧化氮合成酶(eNOS)表达水平及胎盘组织中NO含量进行检测,分析组间表达水平的差异。结果 1PE组和对照组孕妇的牙周炎患病率、PD、CAL和BOP比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2PE-A亚组孕妇的平均收缩压(MSBP)、平均舒张压(MDBP)、早产率和胎儿宫内受限发生率显著高于对照-A亚组和对照-B亚组,并且差异均有统计学意义(MSBP:P<0.05;MDBP:P<0.05;早产率:P<0.05;胎儿宫内受限发生率:P<0.05)。3PE-B亚组孕妇的MSBP、MDBP、早产率和胎儿宫内受限发生率亦显著高于对照-A亚组和对照-B亚组,并且差异均有统计学意义(MSBP:P<0.05;MDBP:P<0.05;早产率:P<0.05;胎儿宫内受限发生率:P<0.05)。4PE-A亚组胎儿窘迫发生率显著高于对照-B亚组,并且差异均有统计学意义(P=0.018)。5PE-A亚组的分娩孕龄、胎儿出生体质量、胎盘细胞组织的NO含量、胎盘重量均显著低于对照-A亚组和对照-B亚组,并且差异均有统计学意义(分娩孕龄:P<0.05;胎儿出生体质量:P<0.05;胎盘细胞组织的NO合成量:t=-28.8,-42.1;P<0.05;胎盘重量:P<0.05,P<0.001)。6PEB亚组孕妇的平均分娩孕龄、胎儿出生体质量、胎盘重量亦显著低于对照-A亚组和对照-B亚组,并且差异均有统计学意义(分娩孕龄:P<0.05;胎儿出生体质量:P<0.05;胎盘重量:P<0.05,P<0.001)。7PE-A亚组孕妇血清CRP水平、胎盘组织Pg、Aa和Cr检出率显著高于对照-B亚组,并且差异有统计学意义(血清CRP水平:P=0.038;胎盘组织Pg、Aa和Cr检出率:χ2=5.097,P=0.024;χ2=7.659,P=0.006;P=0.044)。8PE-A亚组β-actin/eNOS值显著高于PE-B亚组、对照-A亚组及对照-B亚组,并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PE-B亚组β-actin/eNOS值显著高于对照-B亚组,并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照-A和对照-B亚组组间比较,差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。9各组间胎盘指数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论牙周细菌及其产物可能侵入胎盘组织,通过激发机体炎症反应抑制胎盘eNOS活性,从而增加PE孕妇不良妊娠结局发生率。     

Effect of RAGE and its ligands on CD4+ T cells北大核心CSCD

RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) is a multiligand receptor on the cell surface. Ligand-RAGE interactions activate several signal transduction pathways that propagate cellular oxidative stress and inflammatory response. RAGE expressed on the CD4+ T cells has been identified as a central transduction receptor which affects the activation, proliferation, migration and differentiation of the cells. In addition, blockade of RAGE suppressed the development of multiple immune-related disorders mediated by CD4+ T cells. These studies highlight the importance of RAGE and its ligands for CD4+ T cells. This article briefly reviews the role of RAGE and its ligands on the proliferation, migration and differentiation of CD4+ T cells and summarizes the related research progress.