稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的气道阻力与运动相关呼吸困难肺功能参数的关系

目的观察稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的各项气道阻力(Raw)参数与运动相关呼吸困难肺功能参数的相关关系。方法前瞻性纳入上海交通大学附属胸科医院和第一人民医院门诊稳定期COPD患者180例,根据慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡议(GOLD 2017版)制订的肺功能诊断标准分为Ⅰ-Ⅳ级4组,受试前8 h内均未应用支气管舒张剂。所有患者在吸入沙丁胺醇400μg后接受常规肺功能和气道阻力测试。同期选择42例成年健康体检者作为对照组。结果Ⅱ级以上COPD患者的第1秒用力呼气容积和呼出50%肺活量时流量均显著低于健康成年人和Ⅰ级COPD患者,总气道阻力、有效气道阻力、吸气阻力和呼气阻力则呈进行性增高。Ⅲ-Ⅳ级COPD患者的深吸气量占预计值百分比(IC%pred)<80%,同时改良英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难量表评分超过2分;7例Ⅲ级(13.2%)和14例Ⅳ级COPD患者(33.3%)的吸气分数(IC/TLC)≤25%,而仅有1例Ⅱ级COPD患者的IC/TLC≤25%(1.9%)。结论稳定期中重度COPD患者呼出气流受限趋于加重,Raw各项参数中呼气阻力增高尤为显著。Ⅲ-Ⅳ级COPD患者更易出现运动相关呼吸困难症状,且IC/TLC≤25%。     

Safety and efficacy of coblopasvir and sofosbuvir in patients with genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 6 HCV infections without or with compensated cirrhosis

A simple, pangenotypic and effective treatment regimen for patients with a broad range of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections remains an unmet medical need. We conducted a phase 2, randomized, open study involving untreated patients with chronic HCV genotypes 1, 2, 3, or 6 infections. Patients without cirrhosis were randomly assigned in a 1:2 ratio to receive capsules of the NS5A inhibitor coblopasvir at a dose of 30 or 60 mg plus tablets of the nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir (400 mg) once daily for 12 weeks. Patients with cirrhosis received 60 mg coblopasvir plus sofosbuvir for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after the end of therapy (SVR12). Of the 110 patients who were enrolled in the study, 59 were male, 62.7% had HCV genotype 1, 24.5% had genotype 2, 6.4% had genotype 3, and 6.4% had genotype 6. The average age was 45.5 years. A total of 10.9% of patients had compensated cirrhosis. The rate of SVR12 was 98.2% in the intention‐to‐treat (ITT). One genotype 6 patient with cirrhosis experienced virologic relapse. One genotype 2 patient without cirrhosis failed to complete the follow‐up and quit the study. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported in 2 patients and were not related to coblopasvir and sofosbuvir. Most adverse events (AEs) did not require treatment. Coblopasvir plus sofosbuvir taken once daily for 12 weeks provided high rates of sustained virologic response (SVR) and had a good safety profile among patients with HCV genotypes 1, 2, 3, or 6 infections, including those with compensated cirrhosis.     

Antimycobacterial activity of Pichia pastoris-derived mature bovine neutrophil β-defensins 5

Tuberculosis (TB) is an ongoing threat to global health, and the lack of effective therapies for treating it is also a global problem. Previous studies have shown that human cathelicidin and defensins have effective antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium spp. To our knowledge, there are no reports on the antimycobacterial effects of bovine neutrophil β-defensins so far. Here, we identified the antimicrobial effect of mature bovine neutrophil β-defensins (mBNBD) 5 against Mycobacterium infection both in vitro and in vivo. The mBNBD5 protein was expressed in Pichia pastoris. To increase the yield of β-defensins, a purification method was employed by adding a 6-His·tag to the C-terminus of the mBNBD5 gene. Our results indicated that recombinant mBNBD5 protein was successfully expressed and purified from Pichia pastoris with intact antimicrobial activity. The recombinant protein exhibited potent bactericidal activity in vitro against M. smegmatis and M. bovis, with a dose-dependent manner and a time-dependent manner. The electron microscope results showed that the bacterial cell wall of M. bovis was disrupted when incubated with mBNBD5 for 72 h. Our data also indicated that the exogenous addition of mBNBD5 could reduce the survival of Mycobacterium spp., especially M. tuberculosis and M. bovis in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These results provide foundations for the development of mBNBD5 as a potential new therapeutic agent for TB treatment.     

胰腺分裂内镜治疗价值

目的探讨内镜下治疗胰腺分裂的疗效和安全性。方法收集2006年6月至2013年6月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院消化科就诊的8例胰腺分裂患者的临床资料,对术中及术后情况进行回顾性分析。结果8例胰腺分裂患者共行经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术28例次,均置入胰管支架,其中7例同时行副乳头括约肌切开术,6例行内镜下扩张术,1例行胰管取石术。术后出现1例次轻度胰腺炎。随访2～47个月,1例死于胰腺癌,3例已拔出支架,3例定期复查,1例失访。患者术后慢性胰腺炎急性发作频率及腹痛程度均较术前明显降低。结论内镜下治疗胰腺分裂安全有效,可减少胰腺炎发作频率,减轻术后腹痛程度,术后并发症发生率低。     

围妊娠期小鼠胰岛细胞增殖及Survivin表达变化的研究

目的 观察围妊娠期小鼠胰岛β/α细胞量、细胞增殖、Survivin表达变化以及大鼠胰岛细胞瘤细胞株INS-1干扰Survivin表达后催乳素刺激细胞增殖的变化,探讨Survivin与妊娠期胰岛细胞扩增的关系.方法 采用免疫组化染色法检测C57 BL/6雌性小鼠非妊娠对照组（NP）和妊娠10.5、14.5、18.5 d（P10.5、P14.5、P18.5）、产后4、8 d（AP4、AP8）（每组各25只）胰岛β/α细胞量的变化.采用胶原酶消化法分离纯化小鼠胰岛,以流式细胞术检测细胞周期,实时定量聚合酶链反应及Western blotting法检测Survivin mRNA和蛋白的表达.采用脂质体转染siRNA方法干扰INS-1细胞Survivin的表达,催乳素刺激后检测细胞周期.多组数据组间比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用最小差异显著性分析.结果 妊娠期胰岛β/α细胞量均显著增加,高峰在P18.5,与NP组相比,β细胞量增长2.1倍（3.84±0.38比1.81 ±0.09,t =4.75,P＜0.05）,α细胞量增长1.6倍（0.92±0.13比0.56 ±0.08,t =2.69,P＜0.05）,至AP8恢复至NP水平.妊娠期小鼠胰岛细胞增殖显著增加,高峰在P14.5,与NP组相比,增殖指数增长2.7倍（23.07±1.88比7.72±1.12,t=10.89,P＜0.05）,产后恢复正常.Survivin mRNA表达水平在妊娠期明显增高,高峰在P14.5,与NP组相比,增长6.7倍（6.69±1.61比1.00 ±0.00,t =4.57,P＜0.05）,产后恢复正常.P10.5时Survivin蛋白开始表达,高峰在P14.5,与P10.5相比增长3.6倍（3.63±0.26比1.00±0.00,t=9.98,P＜0.05）,P18.5时表达逐渐下降,P20.5时表达消失.催乳素可显著刺激INS-1细胞增殖,而siRNA干扰INS-1细胞Survivin表达后,细胞增殖受阻.结论 妊娠期小鼠胰岛细胞出现明显扩增,并伴有Survivin的动态表达.Survivin介导催乳素刺激的胰岛β细胞扩增作用.     

Assessing the practice of data quality evaluation in a national clinical data research network through a systematic scoping review in the era of real-world data

ObjectiveTo synthesize data quality (DQ) dimensions and assessment methods of real-world data, especially electronic health records, through a systematic scoping review and to assess the practice of DQ assessment in the national Patient-centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet).Materials and MethodsWe started with 3 widely cited DQ literature—2 reviews from Chan et al (2010) and Weiskopf et al (2013a) and 1 DQ framework from Kahn et al (2016)—and expanded our review systematically to cover relevant articles published up to February 2020. We extracted DQ dimensions and assessment methods from these studies, mapped their relationships, and organized a synthesized summarization of existing DQ dimensions and assessment methods. We reviewed the data checks employed by the PCORnet and mapped them to the synthesized DQ dimensions and methods.ResultsWe analyzed a total of 3 reviews, 20 DQ frameworks, and 226 DQ studies and extracted 14 DQ dimensions and 10 assessment methods. We found that completeness, concordance, and correctness/accuracy were commonly assessed. Element presence, validity check, and conformance were commonly used DQ assessment methods and were the main focuses of the PCORnet data checks.DiscussionDefinitions of DQ dimensions and methods were not consistent in the literature, and the DQ assessment practice was not evenly distributed (eg, usability and ease-of-use were rarely discussed). Challenges in DQ assessments, given the complex and heterogeneous nature of real-world data, exist.ConclusionThe practice of DQ assessment is still limited in scope. Future work is warranted to generate understandable, executable, and reusable DQ measures.     

王念孙释《广雅》医学词汇

三国时代魏张揖编著的《广雅》中收录有医学词汇,清代训诂大家王念孙所著的《广雅疏证》是《广雅》最好的注本,最注重以声音通训诂、系联同源词,以此对词义进行训释,沟通词际关系。以《广雅》中收录的医学词汇为语料,挖掘王念孙在《广雅疏证》中训释医词时所使用的破通假、系同源、沟通普通词汇与医学词汇等理论、方法,并结合王念孙在校勘《广雅》文本中存在的误字、脱文、衍文等问题时采用的校勘学方法,从中探索当今医学词汇研究可以借鉴的释词方法。     

不同临床分型的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者影像学表现

目的 探讨不同临床分型的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的影像学表现。方法 回顾性分析71例COVID-19患者的电子计算机断层扫描（computed tomography,CT）影像资料,分析普通型与重型及危重型患者的临床特点、影像学特点、优势分布以及出现好转时间,并进行统计学分析。结果 71例患者中,轻型12例,普通型45例,重型及危重型14例。临床表现方面,重型及危重型（6/14,42.9%;4/14,28.6%）伴乏力、胸闷及呼吸困难较轻型（0;0）及普通型（2/45,4.4%;0）明显,差异有统计学意义（P值分别为0.001,0.002）;普通型（30/45,66.7%）、重型及危重型（9/14,64.3%）C反应蛋白升高较轻型（2/12,16.7%）明显,差异有统计学意义（P=0.005）。CT表现,病变累及范围超过3个肺叶数：重型及危重型（13/14,92.9%）明显高于普通型（26/45,57.8%）;重型及危重型（12/14,85.7%）病变分布于两肺外周及中心多于普通型（20/45,44.4%）;病变表现为实变、病变内伴小叶间隔增厚,重型及危重型均多于普通型;以上表现两组相比,差异均有统计学意义（P值分别为0.036、0.007、0.004、0.002）。对22例患者进行随访,CT表现达高峰及病情出现好转多发生在发病10 d后（40.9%,45.5%）。结论 普通型与重型及危重型COVID-19患者胸部CT在发病部位、病变密度、实变程度等方面具有不同特征,多数COVID-19患者多在发病10 d后好转。     

牙周基础治疗对2型糖尿病相关性牙周炎患者血糖控制的Meta分析

目的系统评价牙周基础治疗对2型糖尿病相关性牙周炎患者血糖控制的影响,探讨牙周基础治疗在糖尿病治疗中的具体作用。方法计算机检索Cochrane图书馆对照试验注册中心、Medline、EMbase、SIGLE、GreyNet、NTIS、中国生物医学文献数据库、中文科技期刊全文数据库、中国期刊全文数据库和万方数据库,查找有关牙周基础治疗对糖尿病血糖控制影响的研究。检索时限均为1991-2011年4月31日。均由2名评价者独立选择试验、提取资料和评估方法学质量,然后采用RevMan 5．1软件对资料进行Meta分析。纳入7个研究,共计471例受试患者。结果牙周基础治疗能明显降低2型糖尿病相关性牙周炎患者糖化血红蛋白的水平,组间差异有统计学意义（95％CI：-0．94—0．22,P=0．001）。治疗组牙周袋探诊深度低于对照组,组间差异也有统计学意义（95％CI：-2．26～0．69,P=0．0002）。结论牙周基础治疗有利于2型糖尿病相关性牙周炎患者总体血糖水平的控制。