The hypothetical protein encoded by Chlamydia pneumoniae open reading frame cpn0308 was detected in inclusion membranes of C. pneumoniae-infected cells using antibodies raised with Cpn0308 fusion proteins. The anti-Cpn0308 antibodies did not cross-react with IncA, a known C. pneumoniae inclusion membrane protein, although the anti-Cpn0308 antibody staining overlapped with the anti-IncA antibody labeling. The labeling of the inclusion membrane by the anti-Cpn0308 antibody was specifically blocked by the Cpn0308 but not IncA fusion proteins. The Cpn0308 antigen was detectable 24 h after infection and remained in the inclusion membrane throughout the infection course. 相似文献
Understanding the actual consumption of alcohol and tobacco in the population is important for forming public health policy. For this purpose, wastewater‐based epidemiology has been applied as a complementary method to estimate the overall alcohol and tobacco consumption in different communities. However, the stability of their consumption biomarkers – ethyl sulfate, ethyl glucuronide, cotinine, and trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine – in the sewer system has not yet been assessed. This study aimed to conduct such assessment using sewer reactors mimicking conditions of rising main, gravity sewer, and wastewater alone, over a 12‐hour period. The results show that cotinine and trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine are relatively stable under all sewer conditions while ethyl sulfate was only stable in wastewater alone and gradually degraded in rising main and gravity sewer conditions. Ethyl glucuronide quickly degraded in all reactors. These findings suggest that cotinine and trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine are good biomarkers to estimate tobacco consumption; ethyl sulfate may be used as a biomarker to estimate alcohol consumption, but its in‐sewer loss should be accounted for in the calculation of consumption estimates. Ethyl glucuronide, and probably most of glucuronide compounds, are not suitable biomarkers to be used in wastewater‐based epidemiology due to their in‐sewer instability. 相似文献
Lasers in Medical Science - The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the blood perfusion to tissues for detecting ischemic necrosis can be quantitatively monitored by spatial frequency domain... 相似文献
Microvascular decompression (MVD) is the first choice of surgery for hemifacial spasm (HFS). MVD surgery for vertebral artery (VA)-associated HFS is more difficult than for non-VA-associated HFS. There is controversy about the cure rate and complication of MVD for HFS in previous studies. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for relevant publications. Based on the search results, we compared the outcomes of MVD for VA-associated HFS and non-VA-associated HFS. At the same time, we analyzed spasm-free rates and the complications and assessed the relationship between VA-associated HFS and gender, left side, and age. For analysis, six studies that included 2952 patients in the VA-associated group and 604 in the non-VA-associated group were selected. The effective rate of MVD was not significantly different between both groups (OR?=?1.16, 95% CI 0.81–1.67, P?=?0.42). Compared to non-VA-associated group, the transient complications (OR?=?0.64, 95% CI 0.46–0.89, P?=?0.008) and permanent complications (OR?=?0.28, 95% CI 0.15–0.54, P?=?0.0001) occurred more frequently in VA-associated group. The rate of hearing loss was significantly higher in VA-associated HFS than non-VA-associated HFS (OR?=?0.35, 95% CI 0.19–0.64, P?=?0.0007); the facial paralysis after operation was not significantly different between both groups (OR?=?1.25, 95% CI 0.91–1.72, P?=?0.17). There were older patients (WMD?=?3.67, 95% CI 3.29–4.05, P?<?0.00001) and more left-sided HFS (OR?=?0.23, 95% CI 0.19???0.29, P?<?0.0002) in the VA-associated HFS group than non-VA-associated HFS group, while the non-VA-associated HFS group was female-dominated (OR?=?1.58, 95% CI 1.32???1.89, P?<?0.00001). Both groups achieved good results in MVD cure rates. In VA-associated HFS, the complication rate of decompression and the rate of hearing loss after operation were higher than in non-VA-associated HFS, but the facial paralysis after operation was similar in both groups, and most complications were transient and disappeared during follow-up. VA-associated HFS is more prevalent in older adults, less prevalent in women, and more predominantly left-sided. More clinical studies are needed to better compare the efficacy and complication of MVD between both groups.
Brain Imaging and Behavior - To investigate the influence of epileptogenic cortex (Rolandic areas) with executive functions in Rolandic epilepsy using structural covariance analysis of structural... 相似文献
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