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Perfectionism and drive for thinness have both been described as predictors of eating disorders, but the relationship between these two constructs over time requires further investigation, as does the an understanding of what components of perfectionism are important in this relationship. Using a longitudinal design, a population of 175 young adults was followed up over a 4 month period. Structural equation modelling indicated a unidirectional relationship between evaluative concerns and drive for thinness, with evaluative concerns, measured at Time 1 predicting an increase in drive for thinness at Time 2. This finding has potential implications for understanding psychological symptoms that precede eating disorder symptoms, and may help build models about prevention and treatment. As a first study to prospectively examine this relationship, further research is needed to assess the generalisability of the findings, and to explore additional variables that may mediate the relationship between evaluative concerns and drive for thinness. 相似文献
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Retrospective cohort study of prognostic factors in patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma 下载免费PDF全文
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OBJECTIVES: To refine the Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit (FS-ICU) survey and develop a validated method for scoring the instrument. DESIGN: Instrument development study, using data from two prospective cohort studies. SETTING: Intensive care units in seven university-affiliated hospitals (six Canadian, one United States). SUBJECTS: Family members of ICU patients. INTERVENTIONS: Based on a priori criteria, items were tagged for potential removal and discussed with the FS-ICU developers. Factor analysis was used to test the conceptual structure of the instrument and develop a scoring method based on scales and subscales. The new scoring method was validated in the U.S. cohort using the Quality of Dying and Death (QODD) instrument and nurse-assessed quality indicators. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 1,038 family members completed the FS-ICU across seven sites. Fifteen items were initially tagged for possible removal. After consensus with the developers, ten items were dropped (and 24 were retained in the final instrument). Factor analysis explained 61.3% of the total variance using a two-factor model. The first factor pertained to satisfaction with care (14 items). The second factor encompassed satisfaction with decision making (10 items). A scoring method was developed based on this conceptual model. In validity testing, the FS-ICU was significantly correlated with the Family-QODD total score (Spearman's .56, p < .001) as well as individual QODD items such as quality of care by all providers (.64, p < .001). The FS-ICU also correlated significantly with multiple nurse-assessed quality indicators. CONCLUSIONS: The shortened FS-ICU measures two main conceptual domains-satisfaction with care and satisfaction with decision making. Scores on the FS-ICU show good validity against other indicators of ICU quality. The instrument holds promise as a useful outcome measure in studies that attempt to improve this component of ICU care. 相似文献
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For over a decade, symptom distress has been a key concept in several studies of cancer. However, the definition of symptom distress is still unclear, and there are few measures targeting symptom distress, in general, and specific cancers, in particular. Prostate cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of death in American men. Many men with clinically localized prostate cancer may experience unique and multidimensional symptoms that occur from diagnosis through treatment, and thereafter. These symptoms associated with the disease and its treatments are in the form of physical and psychological sequelae such as urinary and bowel problems and sexual dysfunction. The purposes of this article are to (1) systematically review literature on symptoms and symptom distress in localized prostate cancer and (2) synthesize evidence of symptom distress applications and measurement in this group. A comprehensive, systematic review was conducted to identify original, data-based studies of symptoms and symptom distress in localized prostate cancer. Clarification of symptom distress and more comprehensive information about symptoms and symptom distress will provide nurses with a better foundation for developing self-management interventions aimed at ameliorating symptom distress and, ultimately, enhancing the quality of life of patients with localized prostate cancer. 相似文献
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