赤芝子实体中灵芝酸类成分的研究

自赤芝［Ｇａｎｏｄｅｒｍａｌｕｃｉｄｕｍ（Ｆｒ．）Ｋａｒｓｔ．］子实体的二氯甲烷提取物中分离得到一个新的四环三萜化合物，命名为灵芝酸ＤＭ（ｇａｎｏｄｅｒｉｃａｃｉｄＤＭ，Ｉ）。根据光谱（ＵＶ，ＩＲ，１ＨＮＭＲ，１３ＣＮＭＲ，ＭＳ２ＤＮＭＲ）分析，确定其结构为Ｉ式。同时还分离得到二个已知的灵芝酸类化合物，即灵芝酸Ａ（ｇａｎｏｄｅｒｉｃａｃｉｄＡ，Ｉ）和灵芝酸Ｃ（ｇａｎｏｄｅｒｉｃａｃｉｄＣ，ＩＩ）。     

去氢紫堇碱对兔血小板TXB2及主动脉6-keto-PGF1PGF1α含量的影响

Dehydrocorydaline (DHC) was shown to reduce the production of thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂)in platelets and 6-keto-prostaglandin F_1α (6-keto-PGF_1α in the aorta of rabbits in vitro. The effect of DHC increased with the increase of dose.DHC 0.41 mg was found to inhibit the formatiom of TXB₂ markedly while not reduce the content of 6-keto-FCF_1α. DHC also exhibited obvious inhibitory effect on the arachidonic acid (0.66mmol/L) induced formation of platelet malondialdehyde (MDA). These effects were similiar to the specific cycloxygenase inhibitor, aspirin (0.03 mg/ml). The results suggest that (1) DHC reduced both contents of TXA₂ and PGI₂ in vitro. (2) DHC markedly inhibited the system of cycloxygenase in cell microsomes. (3) As to whether TXA₂ synthetase or cycloxygenase was inhibited in these experiments is still to be elucidated.     

Continuous infusion cisplatin and etoposide chemotherapy for cancer of unknown primary site (CUPS) in Taiwan, a region with a high prevalence of endemic viral infections

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of cisplatin/etoposide continuous infusion chemotherapy for cancer of unknown primary site in Taiwan, a region with a high prevalence of endemic viral infections. METHOD: Between April 1994 and February 1996, 20 patients with a diagnosis of CUPS were treated, including 15 males and five females, of average age 63.3 years (range 41-83 years). Continuous intravenous infusion of etoposide 80 mg/m2 and cisplatin 25 mg/m2 was given for 3 days every 3 weeks. Pretreatment tumor marker and viral serology studies were performed for baseline evaluation. Nearly two-thirds of the patients had poorly differentiated carcinoma. The average number of metastatic sites was 2.65 (range 1-4), with liver and lymph node involvement predominating. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 25% (95% CI 17.7-32.3%); 30.7% for poorly differentiated cancers and 25% for well differentiated cancers. Median survival was 4 months (range 1-12 months), 4.8 months for patients attaining partial response. Toxicity was moderate, grade 3 and 4 neutropenia occurred in 55% and grade 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia in 40%; other toxicities were mild. CA125 and CA199 were elevated in more than 50% of patients. Viral serology studies were not significantly different from those of the indigenous population. CONCLUSION: Etoposide and cisplatin combination chemotherapy has modest activity in patients with extensive CUPS and, at the schedule and dosage given, it is associated with moderate toxicity.      

海南粗榧新碱衍生物HH07A对体外L1210细胞的杀伤作用

体外培养的小鼠L1210细胞被HH07A2μg·ml^-1作用24h后,与对照组细胞相比,其细胞数不再增长,有丝分裂数及集落形成率下降,细胞形态及细胞周期动力学均发生一定的变化。且HH07A大剂量短期作用抑制Ll210细胞集落形成的效率高于低剂量持续作用。     

Survey on the knowledge of age-related macular degeneration and its risk factors among Singapore residents

Purpose:  To assess the awareness of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and its risk factors among Singapore residents.
Methods:  A cross-sectional questionnaire-based telephone survey was conducted to ascertain the awareness of AMD with regards to knowledge of the disease entity and possible risk factors among Singapore residents. A Singapore residential telephone directory was used to identify potential households by choosing the first and last entries on randomly selected pages. Respondents included individuals from households with landline telephone connection who were willing to participate in the study after a brief introduction about the study. Verbal consent was sought before proceeding with the interview. Interpreters were used for respondents whose ability to converse in English was limited. Prior to commencement of the study, the protocol was reviewed and approved by Ethics committee of the Domain Specific Review Board.
Results:  The interviewers contacted 796 subjects from different households, of which 520 participated (response rate, 65.3%). The age of the respondents ranged from 18 to 85 (median 41) years. Only 38 (7.3%) of them were aware of AMD, the majority of whom had completed secondary or higher education. Two hundred (38.5%) and 191 (36.7%) of the respondents considered age and smoking, respectively, to be risk factors for AMD.
Conclusions:  The awareness of AMD among Singapore residents is low. AMD awareness needs to be improved by educational programmes designed for this specific purpose.     

Development of hatching blastocysts from immature human oocytes following in-vitro maturation and fertilization using a co-culture system

Recently, in-vitro maturation (IVM) of immature human oocytes recovered from non-stimulated follicles has been applied in the treatment of infertility. However, in previous reports, very few embryos cultured in conventional medium have reached the expanded blastocyst stage following in-vitro maturation and fertilization (IVM/IVF). The objective of this study was to investigate whether the developmental competence of human embryos following IVM/IVF could be enhanced by the use of a human ampullary cell co-culture system. Immature human oocytes were aspirated from small follicles at Caesarean section and then cultured in medium containing human menopausal gonadotrophin for 36 to 48 h, followed by insemination. Zygotes were randomly cultured either in conventional culture medium alone or in the co-culture system. Of 48 embryos cultured in conventional medium alone, all arrested at the 2-16- cell stage on day 3 after insemination. Of 46 embryos cultured in the co-culture system, 26 embryos (56.5%) arrested at the 2-16-cell stage. Six embryos (13%) developed to the morula stage. Fourteen embryos (30.4%) developed to expanded blastocysts and two blastocysts were hatching on day 7 after insemination. We conclude that co-culture significantly enhances the development of blastocysts in embryos resulting from IVM/IVF.      

肿瘤干细胞和抗肿瘤药物研发思路

目前有些抗肿瘤药物尽管有较好的近期疗效,然而肿瘤患者单纯依赖化疗通常难以达到长期生存的目的。本文试图从肿瘤干细胞理论解释抗肿瘤药物近期疗效和远期生存之间存在的矛盾,并探讨抗肿瘤药物的研究发展方向。     

因子分析分光光度法在多组分复方制剂中的应用

因子分析分光光度法在多组分的系统中,可用来推断出系统中组分的个数及系统中各组分在各样品中的浓度。本文采用因子分析法的目标检测法对两组分的复方磺胺甲氧吡嗪片,用微机对其紫外光谱数据进行处理。结果表明,回收率分别为102.0%和102.7%,平均标准差小于2.2%。并对三组分样品(复方扑热息痛片)的模拟数据进行了处理,其结果也较理想。     

N-(4-乙氧羰基-4-取代丁酰基)-N-取代甘氨酸的合成

本文报道9个估计具有血管紧张素转化酶抑制活性的N-(4-乙氧羰基-4-取代丁酰基)-N-取代甘氨酸及其相应叔丁酯的合成和鉴定。药理初试结果,化合物Ⅶ₇和Ⅶ₉显示明显降压活性。     

硝基甘油对狗缺血区冠脉循环的作用

用实验性犬冠脉狭窄模型,冠脉内恒流灌注硝基甘油0.5μg/kg.min^-1,使冠脉血流量(CBF)增加、远端小动脉压(DCP)、冠脉血管总阻力(R_T)、小冠脉血管阻力(R_S)及冠状静脉低切血粘(η_b)减少;而主动脉压和心率无明显变化。恒流灌注硝基甘油1μg/kg.min^-1时,在开始5min内冠脉循环的变化同上,并伴大冠脉血管阻力(R_L)减少,10 min后出现CBF减少和R_T,R_{L及ηb增加。结果提示,硝基甘油有缓解和加重心肌缺血的双重作用,其作用可能与剂量张扩张远端小动脉压的程度有关。}