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91.
Maurice B. Mittelmark Leif Edvard Aarø Sigrun G. Henriksen Johan Siqveland Torbjørn Torsheim 《International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, The》2013,15(1):5-17
Chronic social stress is strongly related to psychological distress in vulnerable groups such as the frail elderly and ill people. Little, however, is known about these phenomena in the general population. The validity and reliability of a new brief measure, the Bergen Social Relationships Scale (BSRS), were investigated in a Norwegian county; the prevalence of chronic social stress was measured using the BSRS, and the associations of chronic social stress and social support with three measures of psychological distress were investigated. Respondents with high BSRS scores had experienced longstanding, important interpersonal relationship problems rather than fleeting stressful incidents. Women reported higher levels of chronic social stress, 60% reporting positively on at least one of the six BSRS items, compared with 50% among men. Social support was negatively and significantly associated with various measures of psychological distress. Chronic social stress was positively and significantly associated with psychological distress. These effects were independent of one another. No buffering effect of social support on social stress was observed. The present data support the importance of positive social ties to health, but suggest that social stress is an independent aspect of social environment with regard to health. If social support and social stress have direct and independent effects on mental health, as the present results indicate, intervention on the one will not necessarily modify the other. Intervention programmes may need to consider explicitly both the lighter and the darker sides of social relationships in building environments that support mental health. 相似文献
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Kristin Blom Jenny Rubin Jonas Halfvarson Leif T?rkvist Anders R?nnblom Per Sangfelt Mikael L?rdal Ulla-Britt J?nsson Urban Sj?qvist Lena Douhan H?kansson Per Venge Marie Carlson 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2012,18(44):6409-6419
AIM: To study the association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and genetic variations in eosinophil protein X (EPX) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP).METHODS: DNA was extracted from ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid blood of 587 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), 592 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 300 healthy subjects. The EPX405 (G > C, rs2013109), ECP434 (G > C, rs2073342) and ECP562 (G > C, rs2233860) gene polymorphisms were analysed, by the 5’-nuclease allelic discrimination assay. For determination of intracellular content of EPX and ECP in granulocytes, 39 blood samples was collected and extracted with a buffer containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The intracellular content of EPX was analysed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The intracellular content of ECP was analysed with the UniCAP® system as described by the manufacturer. Statistical tests for calculations of results were χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test, ANOVA, Student-Newman-Keuls test, and Kaplan-Meier survival curve with Log-rank test for trend, the probability values of P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS: The genotype frequency for males with UC and with an age of disease onset of ≥ 45 years (n = 57) was for ECP434 and ECP562, GG = 37%, GC = 60%, CC = 4% and GG = 51%, GC = 49%, CC = 0% respectively. This was significantly different from the healthy subject’s genotype frequencies of ECP434 (GG = 57%, GC = 38%, CC = 5%; P = 0.010) and ECP562 (GG = 68%, GC = 29%,CC = 3%; P = 0.009). The genotype frequencies for females, with an age of disease onset of ≥ 45 years with CD (n = 62), was for the ECP434 and ECP562 genotypes GG = 37%, GC = 52%, CC = 11% and GG = 48%, GC = 47% and CC = 5% respectively. This was also statistically different from healthy controls for both ECP434 (P = 0.010) and ECP562 (P = 0.013). The intracellular protein concentration of EPX and ECP was calculated in μg/106 eosinophils and then correlated to the EPX 405 genotypes. The protein content of EPX was highest in the patients with the CC genotype of EPX405 (GG = 4.65, GC = 5.93, and CC = 6.57) and for ECP in the patients with the GG genotype of EPX405 (GG = 2.70, GC = 2.47 and CC = 1.90). ANOVA test demonstrated a difference in intracellular protein content for EPX (P = 0.009) and ECP (P = 0.022). The age of disease onset was linked to haplotypes of the EPX405, ECP434 and ECP562 genotypes. Kaplan Maier curve showed a difference between haplotype distributions for the females with CD (P = 0.003). The highest age of disease onset was seen in females with the EPX405CC, ECP434GC, ECP562CC haplotype (34 years) and the lowest in females with the EPX405GC, ECP434GC, ECP562GG haplotype (21 years). For males with UC there was also a difference between the highest and lowest age of the disease onset (EPX405CC, ECP434CC, ECP562CC, mean 24 years vs EPX405GC, ECP434GC, ECP562GG, mean 34 years, P = 0.0009). The relative risk for UC patients with ECP434 or ECP562-GC/CC genotypes to develop dysplasia/cancer was 2.5 (95%CI: 1.2-5.4, P = 0.01) and 2.5 (95%CI: 1.1-5.4, P = 0.02) respectively, compared to patients carrying the GG-genotypes.CONCLUSION: Polymorphisms of EPX and ECP are associated to IBD in an age and gender dependent manner, suggesting an essential role of eosinophils in the pathophysiology of IBD. 相似文献
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Bjørg-Tilde S. Fevang Stein H. L. Lygre Glenn Bertelsen Arne Skredderstuen Leif I. Havelin Ove Furnes 《International orthopaedics》2013,37(1):59-66
Purpose
Functional results of reversed total prostheses (RTP) have—to a very limited degree—been compared with those of other shoulder prosthesis types. The aim of our study was to compare results of four different types of shoulder prostheses in terms of function, pain, and quality of life (QoL).Methods
Questionnaires were completed by 859 patients with shoulder prostheses registered in the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register. Patients with osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), or fracture sequela (FS) were included. Symptoms and function were assessed using the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS, scale 0–48), and the EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) was used to assess QoL.Results
Best functional results were obtained using conventional total prostheses (TPs) and RTPs —mean OSS improvement 18 and 16 units, respectively, vs 11 with hemiprostheses (HPs). For patients with OA, TPs performed best; for those with RA and FS, RTPs performed best; and those with HPs had the worst results in all diagnostic groups. The greatest improvement in QoL was seen in patients with TPs and RTPs.Conclusions
Conventional TPs provide the best improvement in pain, function and QoL in OA patients; RTPs are superior in patients with RA and FS. 相似文献99.
Sven Young Stein Atle Lie Geir Hallan Lewis G. Zirkle Lars B. Engesæter Leif I. Havelin 《World journal of surgery》2013,37(2):349-355
Background
The fields of surgery and trauma care have largely been neglected in the global health discussion. As a result the idea that surgery is not safe or cost effective in resource-limited settings has gone unchallenged. The SIGN Online Surgical Database (SOSD) is now one of the largest databases on trauma surgery in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We wished to examine infection rates and risk factors for infection after IM nail operations in LMIC using this data.Methods
The SOSD contained 46,722 IM nail surgeries in 58 different LMIC; 46,113 IM nail operations were included for analysis.Results
The overall follow-up rate was 23.1 %. The overall infection rate was 1.0 %, 0.7 % for humerus, 0.8 % for femur, and 1.5 % for tibia fractures. If only nails with registered follow-up (n = 10,684) were included in analyses, infection rates were 2.9 % for humerus, 3.2 % for femur, and 6.9 % for tibia fractures. Prophylactic antibiotics reduced the risk of infection by 29 %. Operations for non-union had a doubled risk of infection. Risk of infection was reduced with increasing income level of the country.Conclusions
The overall infection rates were low, and well within acceptable levels, suggesting that it is safe to do IM nailing in low-income countries. The fact that operations for non-union have twice the risk of infection compared to primary fracture surgery further supports the use of IM nailing as the primary treatment for femur fractures in LMIC. 相似文献100.
Lars Rolighed Peter Vestergaard Lene Heickendorff Tanja Sikjaer Lars Rejnmark Leif Mosekilde Peer Christiansen 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》2013,398(1):113-120