Solid lipid nanoparticles for enhancing vinpocetine's oral bioavailability.

An ultrasonic-solvent emulsification technique was adopted to prepare vinpocetine loaded Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) nanodispersions with narrow size distribution. To increase the lipid load the process was conducted at 50 degrees C, and in order to prepare nanoparticle using an ultrasonic-solvent emulsification technique. The mean particle size and droplet size distribution, drug loading capacity, drug entrapment efficiency (EE%), zeta potential, and long-term physical stability of the SLNs were investigated in detail respectively. Drug release from two sorts of VIN-SLN was studied using a dialysis bag method. A pharmacokinetic study was conducted in male rats after oral administration of 10 mg kg(-1) VIN in different formulations, it was found that the relative bioavailability of VIN in SLNs was significantly increased compared with that of the VIN solution. The amount of surfactant also had a marked effect on the oral absorption of VIN with SLN formulations. The absorption mechanism of the SLN formulations was also discussed. These results indicated that VIN absorption is enhanced significantly by employing SLN formulations. SLNs offer a new approach to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.     

Mutation analysis of Crouzon syndrome in Taiwanese patients

Crouzon syndrome is an autosomal-dominant disorder that causes premature fusion of the cranial suture. Crouzon, Pfeiffer, and Apert syndromes are caused by mutations in the extracellular, third immunoglobulin-like domain, and adjacent linker regions (exons IIIa and IIIc) of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene. We screened 12 Crouzon syndrome patients for mutations in exons IIIa and IIIc of the FGFR2 gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. Mutations were detected in nine of 12 patients at amino acid positions 278, 281, 289, 342, and 354. More than half of the studied Crouzon patients carried a mutation resulting in either the loss or gain of a cysteine residue. A novel missense Ser354Phe substitution at exon IIIc of the human FGFR2 gene was found. According to our results, sequencing analysis of IgIII domain of the FGFR2 gene can lead to a genetic diagnosis of Crouzon syndrome.     

Cochrane协作网结直肠癌组的结直肠肿瘤证据

截至Cochrane图书馆2008年第2期，Cochrane协作网结直肠癌组目前已完成的25篇与结直肠肿瘤相关的系统评价涉及结直肠肿瘤预防、镜检诊断、内外科治疗、预后、随访等方面。Cochrane系统评价肯定了非甾体抗炎药的预防作用，染色内镜的诊断价值，腹腔镜手术的短期效果，全直肠系膜切除术辅助腹腔镜手术的疗效等；质疑了纤维素在结直肠肿瘤预防、结直肠癌术前机械肠道准备、术后常规引流的意义。某些课题如中药在化疗中的作用，由于所纳入的研究质量不高而未能得出非常可靠的证据。本文试图通过介绍Cochrane协作网结直肠肿瘤的系统评价成果，向国内同行传递目前结直肠肿瘤的高级别临床证据，并提示结直肠肿瘤领域的研究方向。     

丁雷从肺胃论治痤疮经验

丁雷主任医师治疗痤疮临床经验丰富,以肺胃为论治中心,采用清肺胃、祛湿热、调脾胃等治法,自拟经验方治疗,取得了良好的疗效。该文介绍丁雷主任医师从肺胃论治痤疮的经验。     

将案例教学嵌入BOPPPS模型的“制药工艺学”教学实践

目的:对案例教学嵌入BOPPPS模型的《制药工艺学》教学模式进行实践研究。方法:以浙江中医药大学制药工程专业2012级30人为对照组,2015级25人为观察组,从课堂效果、能力素养、考试成绩等方面进行评价。结果:新的教学模式有助于提高学生的学习兴趣、能力和素养,引导学生积极参与教学,显著提高其学习成绩。结论:将案例教学嵌入BOPPPS模型的教学模式能够促使学生参与教学,提高学习效果。     

胶原纤维与软骨细胞体外培养的实验研究

目的　研究应用胶原纤维作为组织工程技术中细胞培养支架的可行性。方法　未经预湿和经预湿处理的胶原纤维支架与人胚关节软骨细胞体外培养 ,采用光镜和电镜观察其亲水性及对细胞吸附力和细胞功能的影响。结果　软骨细胞均匀地分布于胶原纤维支架内 ,经预湿处理后的支架细胞分布更为迅速均匀 ;软骨细胞吸附于支架纤维表面 ,细胞生长代谢旺盛 ,合成分泌细胞外基质。结论　胶原纤维支架具有良好的亲水性 ,有利于软骨细胞的吸附和生长 ,可以作为组织工程技术中细胞培养的支架材料。     

N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖对小白鼠精子畸形的影响

目的:观察能明显促进禽类等动物的生长发育,改善肉质的新型饲料添加剂N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖对昆明种小白鼠精子畸形的影响,分析其应用在畜牧生产中的安全性。方法:实验于2005-06-22/2005-08-06于南京农业大学动物医学院药理组实验室完成。挑选体质量25～28g的小鼠50只,以随机数字表法分为生理盐水组、环磷酰胺组、N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖(南京龙源天然多酚合成厂提供,商品名为毕罗喜,质量浓度为105g/kg)2,4,8g/kg剂量组,每组10只。N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖2,4,8g/kg剂量组分别给予相应剂量的N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖,溶于1mL生理盐水,2,4g/kg剂量1次灌服,8g/kg剂量分2次灌服,每次间隔约3h;生理盐水组给予生理盐水1mL;环磷酰胺组给予环磷酰胺0.04g/kg,溶于1mL生理盐水。给药前禁食10h,不禁水。连续灌胃5d,给药后30d麻醉下处死,取两侧附睾按Wyrobek方法涂片,观察小白鼠精子畸形状况。评估标准参照农业部兽药评审委员会办公室编写的兽药试验技术规范汇编(2001年)。评估内容参照沈建忠主编的动物毒理学(中国农业出版社,2002年),包括各种畸形的精子形态:不定形、胖头、香蕉头、无钩、双头(多头)和双尾(多尾)等,及其分类计数。每组随机选取5只小鼠,计算总畸形率。精子畸形率(%)=畸形精子总数/检查精子总数×100。结果:最终25只小鼠进入结果分析,每组5只。①环磷酰胺组的精子畸形率远高于生理盐水组和N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖2,4,8g/kg剂量组(6.10%,2.48%,2.46%,2.64%,2.78%,P<0.01);N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖2,4,8g/kg剂量组与生理盐水组比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),且各剂量组之间差异也没有显著性意义(P>0.05)。②各组精子畸形主要表现为头部或尾部异常。以无定形和胖头居多,占35.48%(292/823)和29.28%(241/823);其次是无钩形及香焦形多见,占19.68%(162/823)和13.49%(111/823);偶尔可见双头双尾形,只占2.07%。结论:N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖精子畸形试验结果呈阴性,说明其对雄性生殖细胞没有明显的遗传毒性。     

Sonographic and Doppler imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease: a 12-year experience.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical utility of sonography with Doppler examination in the diagnosis and treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 355 cases of GTD seen over a 12-year period in 2 large university referral hospitals in China was performed. Clinical appearances, sonographic findings, Doppler waveforms, and patient outcomes were reviewed. Sonographic and Doppler examinations were performed to diagnose the presence of molar tissue, detect invasive disease, assess disease recurrence, and monitor the efficacy of chemotherapy. Doppler waveforms of 13 patients with normal early pregnancies were also examined for comparison. RESULTS: Of the 355 patients with GTD, 106 had a classic hydatidiform mole (CHM), 33 had a partial hydatidiform mole (PHM), 184 had an invasive hydatidiform mole (IHM), and 32 had choriocarcinoma. Sonography showed abnormal molar tissue confined to the endometrial cavity in all cases of CHM. In cases of IHM and choriocarcinoma, soft tissue invasion and cystic vascular spaces within the myometrium were shown. Cases of PHM had a thickened, hydropic placenta with a concomitant fetus. Doppler waveforms showed resistive indices of 0.55 (SD, 0.06) for CHM, 0.56 (SD, 0.04) for PHM, 0.28 (SD, 0.06) for IHM, 0.25 (SD, 0.05) for choriocarcinoma, and 0.66 (SD, 0.04) for normal pregnancies. The abnormal sonographic and Doppler findings in invasive disease resolved when chemotherapy was successful. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography and Doppler imaging were helpful in diagnosing GTD, in determining whether invasive disease was present, in detecting recurrence of disease, and in following the effectiveness of chemotherapy.     

关于急性心源性肺水肿的机械通气策略

机械通气是抢救各种原因所导致急性呼吸衰竭 ( ARF)的有效手段。从病理生理学角度认识呼吸衰竭(呼衰 )的病因为通气障碍、非心源性肺水肿及心源性肺水肿 ,典型代表疾病为慢性阻塞性肺疾病 ( COPD)、急性呼吸窘迫综合征 ( ARDS)和急性心源性肺水肿 ( ACPE)。近年来国内外研究的重点是 COPD、ARDS的发病机制与机械通气治疗方法 ;对 ACPE的研究主要是基础研究及药物治疗。 2 0世纪 70年代 Swan Ganz导管的问世使人们对 ACPE病理生理变化的异常有了更清楚的认识 ,促进了 ACPE的药物治疗进展。然而导管的放置非但不能改善预后 ,还…     

聚维酮联合阿霉素对E-J膀胱癌细胞的影响

目的通过聚维酮（PVP）联合阿霉素（adriamycin，ADM）对E-J膀胱癌细胞的影响，为开辟膀胱肿瘤术后膀胱灌注的新方法奠定基础。方法E-J膀胱癌细胞体外培养，实验分3组：PVP组（1％PVP）、ADM组、PVP＋ADM组，药物与细胞培养12h后用生理盐水冲洗再分别培养24h，流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡的百分数。结果3组细胞在与药物培养12h后细胞凋亡的百分数分别为2．3％、37．3％、56．7％。生理盐水冲洗再分别培养24h，3组细胞凋亡的百分数分别为3．0％、39．4％、76．4％。结论PVP在体外显著提高ADM抗E-J膀胱癌细胞效麻．其作用机殚可能在于PVP的粘附性。