胰岛素瘤的超声诊断:与其他诊断方法比较

目的:探讨超声等方法对胰岛素瘤的定位诊断价值。材料和方法:对42例经过手术和病理证实的胰岛素瘤患者术前定位诊断的各种方法进行回顾性分析,并与其他诊断方法对比分析其各自的定位符合率。结果:定位诊断符合率分别为B超31%(13/42)、EUS55.6%(5/9)、IOUS100%(10/10)、超声引导下PTPC100%(3/3)、CT59.5%(25/42)、MRI50%(6/12)、选择性DSA27.3%(3/11)及ASVS90%(9/10)。彩超(CDUS)对胰岛素瘤良、恶性有鉴别作用。结论:遵循循序渐进原则,先后选用B超(含CDUS)、EUS、CT等已可解决80%以上的定位诊断,然后再做MRI及ASVS;对仍未作出定位者,只要定性诊断明确即有手术探查指征,因为IOUS能提供可靠的定位信息。     

Enantioselective metabolism and cytotoxicity of R-ifosfamide and S-ifosfamide by tumor cell-expressed cytochromes P450.

The anticancer prodrug ifosfamide (IFA) contains a chiral phosphorous atom and is administered in the clinic as a racemic mixture of R-IFA and S-IFA. Hepatic cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes exhibit enantioselective preferences in the metabolism of R-IFA and S-IFA; however, the impact of this selectivity on P450-dependent anticancer activity is not known. Presently, the metabolism and cytotoxicity of R-IFA and S-IFA were determined in 9L gliosarcoma and Chinese hamster ovary tumor cells expressing an IFA-activating P450 enzyme and by in vitro steady-state kinetic analysis using cDNA-expressed P450 enzymes. Tumor cells expressing P450 enzyme CYP3A4 were the most sensitive to R-IFA cytotoxicity, whereas tumor cells expressing CYP2B1 or CYP2B6 were most sensitive to cyclophosphamide (CPA), an isomer of IFA. Correspondingly, CYP3A4-expressing cells and cDNA-expressed CYP3A4 metabolized R-IFA to yield the active, 4-hydroxylated metabolite at a 2- to 3-fold higher rate than they metabolized S-IFA or CPA. CYP2B cells and cDNA-expressed CYP2B enzymes metabolized CPA almost exclusively by 4-hydroxylation, whereas R-IFA and S-IFA were substantially converted to inactive, N-dechloroethylated metabolites. Further investigation revealed that CYP3A1, a rat enzyme, exhibited superior kinetic properties compared with the human enzyme CYP3A4, with R-IFA and S-IFA both metabolized with high catalytic efficiency by 4-hydroxylation and with a K(m) value of 200 microM, approximately 5-fold lower than CYP3A4. Based on these kinetic parameters and metabolic profiles, R-IFA is expected to exert greater anticancer activity than S-IFA or CPA against tumors that express CYP3A enzymes, whereas tumors expressing CYP2B enzymes may be more sensitive to CPA treatment.     

对诊断PADAM的游离睾酮指数的评估

目的 评价诊断中老年男子部分雄激素缺乏综合征（PADAM）的游离睾酮指数（FTI）.方法 对129例45岁以上健康男性的FTI进行年龄相关分析.以推算的游离睾酮（CFT）值为依据,对FTI进行有效性检验.结果 男子在中老年期FTI与增龄呈明显的负相关.FTI敏感性97.78%,特异性58.33%.结论 计算简单的FTI可用于PADAM病人的筛选和随访,尤其对70岁以上男子是血清FT较为有效的参数.     

尼麦角林在脑血管病中的应用

尼麦角林是一种麦角生物碱衍生物，广泛应用于脑血管病患者认知障碍的治疗。多项临
床前研究显示，尼麦角林对于认知障碍的改善可能与以下因素有关：尼麦角林除能够改善脑循环，
促进神经递质释放外，还具有营养神经及抗氧化等作用。目前的研究认为，尼麦角林能够改善患者
卒中后抑郁相关的情绪障碍以及有效改善血管性痴呆，提高患者的日常生活能力。同时，尼麦角林具
有良好的安全性，目前暂无尼麦角林治疗导致纤维化或麦角中毒的研究报道。本文就尼麦角林在神
经系统的作用机制、临床疗效及安全性进行综述，以期为临床应用提供参考。     

Endovascular treatment (EVT) of acute traumatic lesions of the descending thoracic aorta--7 years' experience.

OBJECTIVES: To present a single centers' 7-year experience in the endovascular treatment of acute traumatic lesions of the descending thoracic aorta (ATL of the DTA). MATERIALS & METHODS: Between March 1999 and December 2006, 34 consecutive acute traumatic lesions of the descending aorta (23 men, mean age 44 years) were treated endovascularly. Stentgrafts used were TAG Excluder, Zenith TX2 and Talent. In 23 patients the Left Subclavian Artery (LSA) was covered. Mean procedural duration was 20 to 75 minutes. RESULTS: Exclusion of the rupture site was achieved in all cases with no conversion to open surgery. Overall 30-day mortality was 8.8%. Two patients died on post operative day (pod) 1 and one on pod 22 from cranial injuries. No death or neurological deficit related to the endovascular treatment was reported. Four type I endoleaks required treatment either by balloon reexpansion (n=2) or by additional stentgraft implantation (n=2). In two patients the stentgraft collapsed totally several days postoperatively. Two patients required secondary surgical procedures (iliac access complication and revascularisation of the left subclavian artery n=1). The average follow-up was 43.8 months (1-93 months). No stentgraft related abnormality has been subsequently documented. CONCLUSIONS: The endovascular treatment of ATL of the DTA may offer the best means of therapy in a polytrauma patient.     

Rotational chair (ROTO) instead of electronystagmography (ENG) as the primary vestibular test.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the sensitivity of rotational chair (ROTO) versus electronystagmography (ENG) in peripheral vestibular pathology. METHODS: Retrospective chart review. RESULTS: One thousand consecutive patients undergoing evaluation for dizziness and imbalance at a tertiary care referral balance center were reviewed. ROTO was the primary vestibular study used in all patients with ENG used as a confirmatory test at the discretion of the treating physician. A subgroup of 478 patients underwent both ROTO and ENG. Among the patients diagnosed with peripheral vestibulopathy, sensitivity for peripheral vestibulopathy was 71% for ROTO and 31% for ENG. However, specificity was 54% for ROTO and 86% for ENG. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in this retrospective cohort with the authors' clinical diagnoses, ROTO is a more sensitive diagnostic study of peripheral vestibular pathology. The higher sensitivity of ROTO and the higher specificity of ENG may support the use of ROTO as the primary vestibular study and ENG as a supplemental vestibular study. Prospective analysis with distinct diagnostic criteria and defined inclusion criteria are necessary before these results can be widely extrapolated.     

Correlates of lifetime suicide attempts among individuals with affective disorders in a Chinese rural community.

The aim of this study was to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with affective disorders who had attempted suicide at some time in their lives and those who had not made a suicide attempt. In a Chinese rural community, individuals with suicide attempt (N = 30) and those without suicide attempt (N = 166) were assessed with Present State Examination (PSE). Attempters had a significantly higher level of family economic status, higher rate of lifetime depressed mood and hopelessness, and delusions than nonattempters. The logistic regression models also indicated that depressed mood and hopelessness were the most important predictors of suicide attempts. No significant difference in treatment condition was found between attempters and non-attempters. Early identification and interventions focusing on reducing depressed mood, hopelessness, and controlling psychotic symptoms may be helpful in reducing the risk of suicide attempts among individuals with affective disorders residing in the community.