Regulation of hematopoiesis II: the role of polyamine inhibition on helper or suppressor influences of the thymus

We have previously suggested in murine model systems, that two cell subpopulations with differing proliferative capacity, from the thymus, modify the growth of erythroid progenitor cells in vitro. In order to further characterize these populations, we have specifically inhibited polyamine biosynthesis; this pathway is essential for the process of cell replication. Thus, alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine (DFMO) was used to block the conversion of ornithine to putrescine, the first and rate- limiting step in polyamine biosynthesis. We observed a threefold increase in hematopoietic progenitors (CFU-S and CFU-E) from bone marrow in animals treated with DFMO. We further examined the effect of DFMO on accessory "helper" and "suppressor" cells from the thymus and observed an increase in helper activity with an elimination of suppressor activity. All of these effects of DFMO were specific for inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis, since simultaneous addition of the depleted biosynthetic product, putrescine, restored suppressor activity. We conclude that polyamine biosynthesis is required acutely for accessory cell regulation of hematopoiesis.     

The human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen gene is one of at least two related interferon-inducible genes located on chromosome 1q that are expressed specifically in hematopoietic cells

We have previously shown that the human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) is expressed at both the antigen and mRNA levels specifically in human monocytes and granulocytes and earlier stage cells in the myeloid lineage. A 200 amino acid region of the MNDA is strikingly similar to a region in the proteins encoded by a family of interferon-inducible mouse genes, designated Ifi-201, Ifi- 202, Ifi-203, etc, that are not regulated in a cell- or tissue-specific fashion. However, a new member of the Ifi-200 gene family, D3, is induced in mouse mononuclear phagocytes but not in fibroblasts by interferon. The same 200 amino acid region, duplicated in the mouse Ifi- 200 gene family, is also repeated in the recently characterized human IFI 16 gene that is constitutively expressed specifically in lymphoid cells and is induced in myeloid cells by interferon gamma. The 1.8-kb MNDA mRNA, which contains an interferon-stimulated response element in the 5' untranslated region, was significantly upregulated in human monocytes exposed to interferon alpha. Characterization of the MNDA gene showed that it is a single-copy gene and localized to human chromosome 1q 21-22 within the large linkage group conserved between mouse and human that contains the Ifi-200 gene family. The IFI 16 gene is also located on human chromosome 1q. Our observations are consistent with the proposal that the MNDA is a member of a cluster of related human interferon-regulated genes, similar to the mouse Ifi-200 gene family. In addition, one mouse gene in the Ifi-200 gene family and the human MNDA and IFI 16 genes show expression and/or regulation restricted to cells of the hematopoietic system, suggesting that these genes participate in blood cell-specific responses to interferons.     

Augmentation of donor bone marrow engraftment in histoincompatible murine recipients by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor

T cell depletion of donor bone marrow can prevent graft v host disease (GVHD) in human and murine marrow graft recipients. However, engraftment in the recipient may be compromised as a consequence of donor marrow T cell depletion. The effect of recombinant murine granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rmu GM-CSF) on engraftment and hematologic reconstitution was evaluated in a murine allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) model involving T cell depletion of marrow. Before transplantation into irradiated mice differing at major and minor histocompatibility loci, rmu GM-CSF was preincubated with T cell-depleted donor marrow. When low degrees of engraftment were noted in control recipients, treatment of donor marrow with high concentrations of rmu GM-CSF led to enhanced engraftment. Ex vivo donor graft incubation with rmu GM-CSF or a single in vivo injection of rmu GM-CSF were both effective means of promoting engraftment. When the engraftment rate in control recipients was high, rmu GM-CSF did not have an identifiable effect. Only slight increases in hematologic recovery were detected regardless of the rate of engraftment. Neither post-BMT survival nor marrow stem cell capacity was affected by rmu GM-CSF incubation. Furthermore, growth factor administration did not have a significant effect on the incidence of GVHD in recipients of non-T cell-depleted bone marrow splenocyte preparations. In vitro natural killer-mediated target cell lysis was not altered by incubation of effector cells with rmu GM-CSF. These results demonstrate the potential of ex vivo rmu GM-CSF treatment of donor marrow to facilitate engraftment across extensive histo- compatibility barriers.     

黏液性肾上腺皮质腺瘤的临床病理分析

目的探讨黏液性肾上腺皮质腺瘤的临床病理特征。方法对1例黏液性肾上腺皮质腺瘤进行临床病理学及免疫组化分析,并进行文献复习。结果患者女,年龄40岁,上腹部、右腰部疼痛不适,增强CT示右侧肾上腺区软组织肿块。肿瘤有一层薄的纤维性包膜,突出的特征为间质内见较多的黏液,黏液内漂浮增生的多边形细胞呈条索状、假腺样、小巢样排列,多边形瘤细胞胞浆中等量,嗜酸性或嗜双色性,核圆,偶见小核仁,间质内纤维增生分隔瘤组织呈小结节状;其间夹杂有经典的肾上腺皮质腺瘤。免疫组化显示:黏液区内瘤细胞及经典的肾上腺皮质腺瘤瘤细胞阳性表达Ckpan、Syn、Inhibin-α、MelanA,不表达CK7、CK20、Villin、SMA、P63、Calponin、S100、CgA。结论黏液性肾上腺皮质腺瘤是一种少见的肿瘤,有独特的形态学表现,间质内黏液及黏液区内瘤细胞的特殊形态学表现,以及免疫组化是正确诊断和鉴别诊断的关键。     

Comparison of a Commercial ELISA with the Modified Agglutination Test for Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Sera of Naturally Infected Dogs and Cats

Background

Toxoplasma gondii can infect all warm-blooded animals. Modified agglutination test (MAT) and ELISA are widely used for the detection of T. gondii antibodies. However, there is little information on their acceptability for detecting antibodies in companion animals.

Methods

This study compared ELISA and MAT for their ability to detect T. gondii infection in naturally infected dogs and cats. Blood samples were collected from dogs and cats in different areas of Beijing, China and analyzed by ELISA and MAT. The χ² test and κ analysis were used to evaluate their efficiency and agreement.

Results

For dogs, the seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies detected by ELISA was 34.7%, which was significantly higher than that detected by MAT (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between ELISA and MAT for detecting T. gondii antibodies in cats. Good agreements between MAT and ELISA were seen in both dogs and cats; however, inconsistent results were demonstrated by κ analysis and in MAT titer assay.

Conclusion

Serum-based ELISA may be more satisfactory for screening test of T. gondii infection in dogs, whereas both methods could be acceptable in cats.     

中国六城市中老年人群腰椎骨关节炎患病危险因素地区调查：6128名资料分析

目的:腰椎骨关节炎所致疼痛和关节活动受限等,严重影响中老年患者的生活质量。了解中老年人群腰椎骨关节炎患病危险因素、患病率及疾病与暴露因素之间联系强度的指标,可为腰椎骨关节炎的社区预防干预提供量化性参考数据。方法:调查于2005-07/08在西安、石家庄、上海、广州、哈尔滨、成都等六城市完成。①调查对象:选择40岁及以上具有正式户口常住男女人群6218名,其中男2916名,年龄40～94岁;女3302名,年龄40～86岁;男女性别比为0.88∶1.00。纳入标准:中国汉族在本地具有正式户口的居民并对本次调查知情同意。排除标准:因各种原因外出超过1年以上居民不属本次调查对象。②调查方法:采用分层多阶段整群抽样方法对中国六城市(西安、石家庄、上海、广州、哈尔滨、成都)6218名符合调查对象人群进行腰椎骨关节炎的流行病学问卷调查(调查内容包括一般情况、现病史、既往史、体格检查、X射线片检查情况、疾病诊断),并对其中4808例有症状者进行X射线片腰椎正侧位投照,对83个变量进行多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。表示疾病与暴露因素之间联系强度的指标用比值比(OR),若OR>1,说明疾病发生危险性增加,与暴露因素呈正关联;若OR<1,说明疾病发生危险性减少,与暴露因素呈负关联。结果:纳入调查对象6218名,全部进入结果分析。①中国六城市40岁及以上男女人群腰椎骨关节炎总患病率为29.4%,各城市患病率差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。②腰椎骨关节炎在大部分城市有共同的危险因素如年龄因素(OR=1.031～1.121),使用蹲位排便(OR=1.012-1.044)和共同保护性因素如饮酒(OR=0.241～0.930);而日常骑摩托(OR=3.122,西安),专职体育(OR=6.377,石家庄),骨质疏松史(OR=5.925,石家庄),神经关节病史(OR=5.528,上海),日常乘公共汽车(OR=5.784,广州),动脉粥样硬化史(OR=4.797,广州),糖尿病史(OR=4.064,广州),日常爬楼梯(坡)(OR=1.018,哈尔滨),兄弟骨关节炎史(OR=11.791,成都)等危险因素分别在不同地区出现;而常吃水果(OR=0.725,西安),喝啤酒(OR=0.507,石家庄)等保护性因素也分别在不同城市出现。结论:中国六个地区腰椎骨关节炎患病有共同的危险因素和保护性因素,同时,不同地区主要危险因素又有一定差异。     

双能X射线骨密度仪测量不同条件下腰椎骨矿含量、椎骨骨面积有临床意义的最小变化率

目的:骨密度仪的差异或漂移可以通过质控加以校正。比较双能X射线骨密度仪测量腰椎铝体模、活体腰椎、死体腰椎(带软组织)的骨矿含量、椎骨骨面积有临床意义的最小变化率差异,以便为重复测量同一个体的骨矿含量或骨密度评估临床药物疗效提供依据。方法:实验于2004-05/2006-12在川北医学院人体解剖实验室与川北医学院附属医院内分泌科骨密度室完成。采用美国Lunar公司生产的DPX-MD双能X射线骨密度仪测量铝体模、3个活体椎体、1个带软组织的死体椎体的骨矿含量与椎骨骨面积,3次/d,连续测定5d。3个活体椎体分别为38岁骨密度正常男性、40岁骨质疏松症男性及62岁轻微骨量减少女性的椎体,均为自愿参与实验的本院医生。死体椎体由川北医学院人体解剖实验室提供。实验得到医院伦理道德委员会批准。计算各椎体骨矿含量、椎骨骨面积的变异系数及有临床意义的最小骨矿含量、椎骨骨面积变化率。结果:①有临床意义的最小骨矿含量变化率:铝体模与正常男性椎体最小,骨质疏松症男性椎体、轻微骨量减少女性椎体与死体椎体呈依次增大趋势,且以死体椎体最大。②有临床意义的最小椎骨骨面积变化率:铝体模、正常男性椎体与骨质疏松症男性椎体最小,轻微骨量减少女性椎体与死体椎体较大,且以死体椎体最大。结论:双能X射线骨密度仪测量不同条件椎骨有临床意义的最小骨矿含量、椎骨骨面积变化率存在差异,骨质疏松的严重程度不同,骨矿含量、椎骨面积骨密度检测对临床药物疗效观察的影响不同,骨质疏松越严重或有骨质增生的存在对其影响越大。     

国产尼莫地平片和尼莫通片的生物利用度比较

国产尼莫地平片和尼莫通片的生物利用度比较施孝金王宏图韦阳张静华张莉莉钟明康（上海医科大学华山医院临床药学研究室，上海２０００４０）钙离子通道拮抗剂尼莫地平（ｎｉｍｏｄｉｐｉｎｅ，ＮＭ），临床上主要用于治疗有明显症状的老年性脑功能损伤和由于蛛网膜下腔出...     

不同产地和品种淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷的HPLC分析

目的 :对中药淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷的含量分析进行方法学研究 ,并测定淫羊藿的不同产地、不同品种、不同药用部位的淫羊藿苷的含量。方法 :采用RP HPLC技术对 7个品种 2 3个样品进行测定。以PERKIN EIMER SH/5C18柱为分析柱 ,流动相为乙腈 水 36%乙酸 ( 2 5∶73.5∶1 .5)流速 1 .0ml/min。UV检测波长 2 70nm。结果 :本方法测定淫羊藿苷含量在 0 .0 2 1 2～ 0 .1 2 7μg ,0 .53～ 1 .696μg范围内呈良好的线性关系。不同产地、不同品种、不同药用部位的淫羊藿其淫羊藿苷的含量为 0 .0 0 30 7%～ 1 .55%。同一植株不同部位中淫羊藿苷的含量分布叶 >叶茎 >茎 >根。结论 :淫羊藿由于产地不同、品种不同其淫羊藿苷的含量相差悬殊。本测定方法为筛选优良品种和扩大药源提供了简便易行的方法