电刺激黑质对脑干伤害性单位放电的影响

本实验采用单细胞外记录神经元单位放电的方法，在Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠上观察到网状巨细胞核。一区伤害性神经元５７个，其中伤害兴奋性神经元（ＮＥＮ）４２个，伤害抑制性神经元（ＮＩＮ）１５个。电刺激黑质对ＮＥＮ（２９）和ＮＩＮ（８的放电呈抑制作用，其反应百分率分别由刺激黑质第１分钟时的１．０±２．１％和－２０．４±６．２％，降到第５分钟时的－８３．６±１２．３％和－６５．４±１０．７％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。刺激黑质对少数ＮＥＮ（１３）和ＮＩＮ（７）的放电有兴奋作用，其值分别由第］分钟时的２０．５±７．３％和１．０±３．４％，升高到第５分钟时的７４．５±１０．７％和２１，５±８．６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。氟哌啶醇注入ＰＡＧ腹外侧部可阻断刺激黑质的效应，这提示从黑质到网状巨细胞核α－区存在着一条痛调制通路，而且这种通路的递质是多巴胺能的。     

Fluorouracil-alone versus high-dose folinic acid and fluorouracil in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized trial of the Italian Oncology Group for Clinical Research (GOIRC).

One hundred eighty-one patients with measurable recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer, who had not received prior chemotherapy, were randomized in a prospective controlled trial to receive 5-fluorouracil (5FU), 13.5 mg/kg, for five days (arm A) or high-dose folinic acid [Cyanamid-Lederle, Italy] (FA), 200 mg/m2, for five days and 5FU, 400 mg/m2 for five days (arm B). The treatments were repeated every four weeks. One hundred fifty-five patients were evaluable for response. The two arms were balanced for all potential prognostic factors studied. The response rate (CR+PR) was 18% in the 5FU arm and 16% in the 5FU plus FA arm. Median duration of response was 56 weeks for 5FU alone and 42 weeks for the combination (p = 0.48). Median time to failure (TTF) was 20 weeks for arm A and 21 for arm B (p = 0.62). Median survival was 62 weeks on the 5FU arm and 53 weeks on the FA plus 5FU arm (p = 0.14). Dose intensity (DI) delivered was the same in both arms. Diarrhea and mucositis were the most frequent adverse reactions in arm B; 20% of the patients in arm A and 38% of those in arm B experienced diarrhea (p = 0.008). Mucositis occurred in 34% of patients in arm A and 42% in arm B (p = 0.04). In general nausea and vomiting were moderate. Hematological toxicity was more severe in patients treated with 5FU alone: 31% in arm A and 14% in arm B developed leukopenia (p = 0.015). In the combination arm one patient died due to gastrointestinal and hematological toxicity after the seventh cycle. This study indicates that, in advanced colorectal cancer, the combination of high-dose FA and 5FU is not superior to 5FU alone when utilized at standard high-dose intensity.     

Soluble interleukin-2 receptor release defect in vitro in elderly subjects

The evidence from several studies indicates that as individuals age, they may display immune dysfunctions, mostly T cell dysfunctions. Recently, a soluble form of the receptor for interleukin-2 (IL-2) (sIL-2R) has been demonstrated in human sera and in vitro stimulated culture supernatants from human T lymphocytes. In the present paper, we report in vitro sIL-2R production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in elderly subjects. The results show that no difference exists for unstimulated cultures, whereas after mitogen stimulation the elderly subjects showed the lowest values compared with young ones. These findings suggest that sIL-2R may provide a new tool for the study of T lymphocyte dysfunctions in old age.     

光动力学疗法与局部化疗联合治疗进展期食管贲门癌

作应用光动力学疗法（ＰＤＴ）对进展期食管贲门癌５５例进行治疗，并对其中１５例联合应用内镜下局部注射抗癌药物。对每一患均先静脉滴注血卟啉衍生物（ＨＰＤ）５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，于用药后２４，４８和７２ｈ分别用波长６３０ｎｍ的铜蒸汽激光照射肿瘤部位。联合治疗组除ＰＤＴ治疗外，于每次光照前肿瘤局部注射５－Ｆｕ２５０～５００ｍｇ。结果：联合治疗组的近期显效率高于单纯ＰＤＴ组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。病例随访６～１６月，     

Effects of low-dose propofol administration on central respiratory drive, gas exchanges and respiratory pattern

The effects of sedative-hypnotic doses of propofol on respiratory drive and pattern have not yet been extensively described. Repeated small boluses of propofol (0.6-0.3 mg.kg-1) were administered to ten ASA I patients undergoing carpal tunnel release using regional anaesthesia. Airway pressure, capnography and pneumotachography were continuously recorded. With respect to basal values, no significant variations of respiratory rate, minute volume, tidal volume, inspiratory and expiratory time, total expiratory cycle, Ti/Ttot, TV/Ti, P0.1, EtCO2 and blood gas analysis were observed. Low doses of propofol, to maintain conscious sedation of light sleep, have not been shown to cause respiratory depression.     

主动吸入药物烟对大鼠一氧化氮的影响

目的　探讨主动吸入药物烟对大鼠NO的影响。方法　制备大鼠主动吸烟模型 ,采用硝酸还原酶法测定各组大鼠血清、肺、心肌及脑组织的NO含量。结果　非药物烟组大鼠血清、肺、心肌及脑组织中NO含量明显低于非给烟对照组 ,药物烟高、中剂量组NO含量明显高于非药物烟组 ,接近非给烟对照组。结论　吸烟对大鼠血液、肺、心肌及脑组织有不同程度的损伤作用 ,使NO含量降低 ;药物烟具有一定的保护和防止NO含量降低的作用。     

gamma-ray spectrometry of soil samples from the Provincia dell'Aquila (Central Italy).

In the Abruzzo Region (Central Italy) there is a lack of measurements of gamma-ray activity in soils and waters. For this reason, we have planned to carry out a systematic measurement of soils in the area of the Provincia dell'Aquila, which covers about one-half of the entire region. In this paper we report the results obtained from 56 soil samples, collected in the northern part of the area of interest (about one-fourth of the total area under study). The results, in terms of content of uranium, thorium and potassium and the activity of caesium are reported, as well as the details on the experimental procedure. The results show a limited content of K and U, with no large variations from site to site, in agreement with the expectations based on the knowledge of the geo-lithological nature of the soil. The amount of Th is also quite limited, with a few exceptions where the Th content is up to five times the average value. Caesium, originated from the fall-out following the Chernobyl accident, is very irregularly distributed owing to the complicated orography of the land. Future plans are also shortly discussed.