神经导航辅助眉弓锁孔入路量化研究及临床意义

目的:报道经眉弓锁孔入路对鞍区结构的显微外科解剖和显微技术。方法:在15例(30侧)经颈内动脉、椎动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人头标本上模拟经眉弓锁孔入路,借助手术显微镜(6~25倍)观察鞍区显微解剖结构,并在神经导航下量化Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ间隙面积,颈内动脉及分支、视神经长度。结果:眉弓锁孔入路对5间隙结构有很好暴露,通过第Ⅱ间隙打开Liliequist膜后可见基底动脉(BA)分叉,大脑后动脉(PCA),小脑上动脉(SCA)及其穿通血管和动眼神经出脑干处及其行程,各间隙面积Ⅰ(85.64±6.87mm2)、Ⅱ(46.62±5.34mm2)、Ⅲ(18.97±2.78mm2)、Ⅳ(49.27±4.86mm2)、Ⅴ(35.95±3.41mm2);颈内动脉眼段长(6.64±1.45mm),交通段长(3.35±0.46mm),脉络膜段长(3.75±0.67mm),仔细分离切断周围的蛛网膜小梁,充分游离血管及其分支,在视交叉后上方可充分显露大脑前动脉(ACA)A1、A2段,前交通动脉复合体及Heubner返支,A1长(22.12±3.65mm)。左侧视神经为(15.15±2.54mm),右(14.42±1.89mm)。结论:眉弓锁孔入路可对鞍区结构很好暴露,第Ⅰ间隙面积最大,Ⅰ、Ⅳ与入路方向一致,显露更为满意,通过Ⅱ间隙可观察Willis后环周围结构;处理鞍区肿瘤,以鞍区4个常规解剖间隙为主,联合第Ⅴ间隙可获得满意效果。     

尖锐湿疣患者外周血Thl/Th2及Tc1/Tc2亚群的检测及意义

Objective To investigate the role of T-helper (Th) and cytotoxic T (Tc) lymphocyte polarization in the pathogenesis of condyloma acuminatum (CA) and its correlation with recurrence. Methods Three-colour immunofluorescent flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of CD3+ CD8-/IFN-γ+ (Th1),CD3+CD8-/IL-4+ (Th2), CD3+ CD8+/IFN-γ+ (Tel) and CD3+ CD8+/IL-4+ (Tc2) cells in the peripheral blood of CA patients and health controls. Results Compared to health controls, CA patients showed a decreased number of Thl (P < 0.01) and Tcl cells (P < 0.05), as well as a decreased Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 ratio (P <0.05). Furthermore, in 15 recurrent CA patients the ratio of Th1/Th2 was remarkably decreased (P < 0.01),while the ratio of Tc1/Tc2 had no significant change in comparison with health controls. Conclusion The decrease of Th1 and Tc1 subsets results in relative Th2 and Tc2 predominance, and this tendency is more significant in recurrent CA patients. The Th1 to Th2 and Te1 to Tc2 shifts in CA patients could be responsible for the fact that human papilloma virus (HPV) is hard to be eliminated.     

新生儿黄疸与胆红素-尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶和有机阴离子转运因子2基因突变的关系

目的探讨胆红素-尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶(UGT1A1)基因Gly71Arg突变和有机阴离子转运因子2(OATP2)基因Asn130Asp突变与新生儿黄疸发病的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性长度多态性方法测定无亲缘关系的汉族新生儿黄疸组与健康对照组的UGT1A1Gly71Arg和OATP2Asn130Asp基因多态性的基因型,并检验两组基因型分布、等位基因频率差异,应用Logistic多元回归分析两种基因突变对新生儿黄疸的OR值和95%CI。结果新生儿黄疸组UGT1A1Gly71Arg和OATP2Asn130Asp基因多态性的基因型分布与对照组差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.47和6.16,P=0.002和0.046),Arg和Asp等位基因频率明显高于对照组(χ2=10.34和6.85,P=0.001和0.009);logistic多元回归分析UGT1A1基因Gly71Arg和OATP2基因Asn130Asp突变对新生儿黄疸的OR值和95%CI分别为2.66(1.38~4.51)和2.32(1.23~3.95)(P=0.011和0.024)。结论UGT1A1基因Gly71Arg和OATP2基因Asn130Asp突变可能参与新生儿黄疸的发病。     

TRPV1 receptor mediates glutamatergic synaptic input to dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (dl-PAG) neurons

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor in modulating neuronal activity of the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (dl-PAG) through excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. First, whole cell voltage-clamp recording was performed to obtain the spontaneous miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) of the dl-PAG neurons. As 1 microM of capsaicin was applied into the perfusion chamber, the frequency of mEPSCs was increased from 3.21 +/- 0.49 to 5.64 +/- 0.64 Hz (P < 0.05, n = 12) without altering the amplitude and the decay time constant of mEPSCs. In contrast, capsaicin had no distinct effect on mIPSCs. A specific TRPV1 receptor antagonist, iodo-resiniferatoxin (i-RTX, 300 nM), decreased the frequency of mEPSCs from 3.51 +/- 0.29 to 2.01 +/- 0.2 Hz (P < 0.05, n = 8) but did not alter the amplitude and decay time. In addition, i-RTX applied into the chamber abolished the effect of capsaicin on mEPSC of the dl-PAG. In another experiment, spontaneous action potential of the dl-PAG neurons was recorded using whole cell current-clamp methods. Capsaicin significantly elevated the discharge rate of the dl-PAG neurons from 3.03 +/- 0.38 to 5.96 +/- 0.87 Hz (n = 8). The increased firing activity was abolished in the presence of glutamate N-methy-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA antagonists, 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione. The results from this study provide the first evidence indicating that activation of TRPV1 receptors increases the neuronal activity of the dl-PAG through selective potentiation of glutamatergic synaptic inputs.     

磷酸肌酸钠治疗新生儿窒息后心肌损伤的meta分析

目的：评价磷酸肌酸钠治疗新生儿窒息后心肌损伤的疗效。方法：检索国内外相关数据库,搜集有关磷酸肌酸钠治疗新生儿窒息合并心肌损伤的随机及半随机对照试验,采用Review Manager 5.1软件对数据进行分析。结果：共纳入6篇文献,400例患儿（试验组202例,对照组198例）。meta分析结果显示磷酸肌酸钠治疗7 d后患儿心肌酶CK、CK-MB、LDH、HBDH、cTnI均有所下降。治疗组显效率和总有效率均高于对照组,相对危险度分别为1.78和1.29,95%CI为（1.32,2.41）和（1.12,1.48）。治疗组总住院天数较对照组少4.07 d,95%CI为（-5.25,-2.89）。结论：磷酸肌酸钠对于治疗新生儿窒息后的心肌损伤显效率及总有效率均高于对照组,能缩短住院天数,且心肌酶谱可出现下降,未发现严重不良反应。但由于所纳入试验质量原因,需要更多的随机对照试验来验证。     

双磷酸化His-PZR蛋白的表达与分离纯化

目的 获得纯化的双磷酸化His-PZR蛋白.方法 本试验采用His-PZR与C-Src蕈组原核表达载体共同转化E-coli BL21菌株的方法,通过IFFG诱导表达,Ni-NTA纯化及HPIE分离纯化等技术,获得双磷酸化的His-PZR蛋白.结果 成功表达了 His-PZR蛋白,约占全菌体蛋白的8.5%,相对分子质量约为10 000;并分离纯化出双磷酸化的His-PZR蛋白.结论 舣磷酸化His-PZR蛋白的表达和纯化,为进一步研究His-PZR与SHP蛋白问的作用机制及其在信号转导过程中的功能奠定了基础.     

补阳还五汤提取液对Schwann细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

本实验建立了Schwann细胞的体外氧化损伤模型,从对Schwann细胞的抗氧化损伤作用探讨补阳还五汤的疗效机制。用原代培养的Schwann细胞建立氧化损伤模型,将培养细胞分为氧化损伤组,补阳还五汤处理组及正常组:(1)应用MTT方法检测细胞的活性;(2)应用生化技术检测细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量;(3)采用荧光探针Fluo-3-AM标记细胞,用激光共聚焦显微镜观察H_2O_2对Schwann细胞内游离钙([Ca2+])抗氧化损伤的影响。结果显示:与对照组相比,H2O2处理组细胞活性降低(P<0.01),SOD含量明显减少(P<0.01),而补阳还五汤预处理后细胞内[Ca2+]i升高明显被减弱(P<0.01),细胞存活率明显升高(P<0.01)。以上结果表明补阳还五汤能通过抗过氧化损伤保护Schwann细胞。     

肌酸激酶MBmass对急性心肌损伤早期诊断的实验研究

目的：连续测定犬急性心肌损伤动物模型血清中肌酸激酶MBmass（CK-MBmass）、CK-MB活性、CK活性等心肌酶学标志物,观察CK-MBmass对急性心肌损伤早期诊断的价值。方法：采用球囊堵闭左冠状动脉前降支中远端的方法建立犬急性心肌损伤动物模型。在诸闭前、堵闭后每10min直至90min连续采静脉血各2ml,3000r／min离心10min取血清测定或置-40℃保存待测。采用微粒子酶联免疫分析法测定CK-MBmass。免疫抑制法测定CK-MB活性,速率法测定CK活性。观察急性心肌损伤后CK-MBmass、CK-MB活性、CK活性等心肌酶学标志物的动态变化及损伤心肌的组织学改变。结果：冠状动脉堵闭90min后,心电图可见明显心肌损伤性ST段上抬改变;血清CK-MBmass、CK-MB活性、CK活性等指标皆超出个体值的2倍以上,但未超出实验参考值的2倍;出现异常值时间CK-MBmass、CK-MB活性、CK活性分别为（30-45）min、（30-60）min、（45-90）min。结论：CK-MBmass可早期诊断急性心肌损伤。     

加速康复外科理念在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停外科中的应用

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)是由于睡眠期间上气道塌陷引起的呼吸暂停、低氧血症以及睡眠结构紊乱,在影响睡眠质量的同时诱发全身多系统疾病。尽管无创正压通气(NPPV)被广泛用于OSA的治疗,但有近50%的患者对之无法耐受或无法长期坚持。外科手术通过对上气道软组织或骨性组织的重构,扩大狭窄的解剖平面,提高气道张力,是OSA重要的治疗方式。但OSA患者常伴发肥胖、全身多种合并症,同时手术部位位于呼吸道起始处,缺乏骨性支撑,这些因素极大地增加了外科治疗的风险,因此保障围手术期的安全一直受到重点关注。加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念是围手术期采用经循证医学证据证实有效的优化处理措施,减轻患者心理和生理的创伤应激反应,达到减少并发症,缩短住院时间,降低再入院及死亡的风险,同时达到降低医疗费用的目标,已经在普通外科、心胸外科、骨外科等领域取得显著效果。我科近年来在OSA外科领域也开展了基于ERAS的尝试,现将临床应用体会予以总结和分析。