Effect of tadalafil on blood flow,pain, and function in chronic cold Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

Background  

This double-blind, randomized, controlled trial investigated the effect of the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor tadalafil on the microcirculation in patients with cold Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) in one lower extremity.     

DHA and EPA Down-regulate COX-2 Expression through Suppression of NF-��B Activity in LPS-treated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Inflammatory processes of vascular endothelial cells play a key role in the development ofatherosclerosis. We determined the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on LPS-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to evaluate their cardioprotective potential. Cells were pretreated with DHA, EPA, or troglitazone prior to activation with LPS. Expression of COX-2, prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and IL-6 production, and NF-κB activity were measured by Western blot, ELISA, and luciferase activity, respectively. Results showed that EPA, DHA, or troglitazone significantly reduced COX-2 expression, NF-κB luciferase activity, and PGE₂ and IL-6 production in a dose-dependent fashion. Interestingly, low doses (10 µM) of DHA and EPA, but not troglitozone, significantly increased the activity of NF-κB in resting HUVECs. Our study suggests that while DHA, EPA, and troglitazone may be protective on HUVECs under inflammatory conditions in a dose-dependent manner. However there may be some negative effects when the concentrations are abnormally low, even in normal endothelium.