Discovery of potent, orally-active, and muscle-selective androgen receptor modulators based on an N-aryl-hydroxybicyclohydantoin scaffold

A novel, N-aryl-bicyclohydantoin selective androgen receptor modulator scaffold was discovered through structure-guided modifications of androgen receptor antagonists. A prototype compound (7R,7aS)-10b from this series is a potent and highly tissue-selective agonist of the androgen receptor. After oral dosing in a rat atrophied levator ani muscle model, (7R,7aS)-10b demonstrated efficacy at restoring levator ani muscle mass to that of intact controls and exhibited >50-fold selectivity for muscle over prostate.     

Ganglioneuroma of the terminal ileum. An unusual case of occult gastrointestinal bleeding

Occult gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding from small-bowel tumors is relatively uncommon, and bleeding from neural tumors is rare. A case of chronic bleeding from a ganglioneuroma that led to ileal ulceration is presented. This case documents the important role of exploratory celiotomy and thorough exploration of the abdomen in carefully selected patients with occult GI blood loss. In this case, a complete preoperative evaluation was negative, but a nondirected celiotomy resulted in diagnosis and successful treatment.     

Tracheal compression by a normal aorta associated with right lung agenesis.

A case of tracheal compression by a normal aorta deviated to the right with a shift of the heart due to right lung agenesis is presented. The condition was diagnosed by chest fluoroscopy and corrected surgically. The increased mortality associated with right versus left lung agenesis may be due to tracheal compression by a normal aorta in some cases.     

Computed tomographic and angiographic demonstration of gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm in a pancreatic pseudocyst.

The complementary use of computed tomography and angiography in two patients with bleeding gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm associated with pancreatic pseudocyst is presented.     

A simple technique for eliminating tracheal buckling on lateral neck roentgenograms

Brief, gentle extrinsic pressure on the trachea at the level of the cricothyroid membrane during lateral roentgenography of the neck is suggested as a safe, simple, and reliable means of evaluating the retrotracheal pre-cervical soft tissues in infants and children.     

Radiographic changes in children following cardiac surgery performed by splitting the sternum.

The incidence of radiographic changes in the chest following a sternal split for cardiac surgery is examined. These changes include: (a) an indiscinct sternal cortex; (b) elevation of the cardiac silhoutte above the diaphragm; and (c) uneven heights of the medial clavicular ends.     

The posterior pararenal space: an escape route for retrocrural masses.

In two patients with retrocrural tumors, dissection of the tumors selectively into the posterior pararenal space was observed by computed tomography. Cadaver studies confirmed the presence of potential communications between the retrocrural space and the extrapleural space of the thorax or the posterior pararneal space of the abdomen.     

Macrocranium and macrencephaly in neurofibromatosis

Data were collected on 52 patients (30 males and 22 females) with neurofibromatosis. Using the volumetric method of Gordon, it was found that 44% of the patients had cranial capacities above the 95th percentile (70% were above the 50th percentile). The presence of intracranial tumors and/or hydrocephalus did not influence skull size. Four patients above the 95th percentile had normal pneumoencephalograms and cerebral angiograms, indicating that the cause of the macrocranium, in some instances at least, is macrencephaly. Volumetric measurement of the sella turcica in 27 of the 52 patients gave results which strongly suggest that idiopathic enlargement of the sella in neurofibromatosis is uncommon, if not rare. Skull films of 26 patients with tuberous sclerosis did not show an increase in cranial capacity similar to that found in neurofibromatosis.Presented, in part, at the First Annual Meeting of the International Skeletal Society, Washington, D.C., March 23–27, 1974, and at the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the European Society of Pediatric Radiology, Helsinki, Finland, May 29–June 1, 1974