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991.
P T Lelliott I M Marks W O Monteiro F Tsakiris H Noshirvani 《The Journal of nervous and mental disease》1987,175(10):599-605
Five years after treatment in a controlled trial, in which all had received self-exposure homework, a group of 40 agoraphobic outpatients retained marked improvement in agoraphobia, mood, and free-floating anxiety. Frequency of spontaneous panics decreased as much in those who had placebo and self-exposure as in those who received imipramine and self-exposure. Few patients, however, were completely well at 5 years and over half had received further treatment for agoraphobia during the follow-up. Patients who were still highly phobic at the end of the clinical trial were more often prescribed psychotropic medication during follow-up and remained phobic at 5 years. Phobic improvement had generalized more in those patients with very low than in those with moderate pretreatment Hamilton depression scores. Frequency of initial spontaneous panics did not predict outcome. Improvement in agoraphobia was associated with improved marital adjustment. Those who began with the best marital, work, and social adjustment were more improved in their phobias 5 years later. 相似文献
992.
E Miller A Nicoll S A Rousseau P J Sequeira M H Hambling R W Smithells H Holzel 《British medical journal (Clinical research ed.)》1987,294(6574):737-739
The incidence of congenital rubella was found to be 2.3 times higher in Asian than non-Asian births in England and Wales. This was attributed in part to higher susceptibility to rubella in Asian than non-Asian women, as shown by antenatal serological data from public health laboratories in Leeds, Luton, and Manchester. Examination of the ethnic origin of pregnant women requesting laboratory testing after contact with rubella or rash and of women with laboratory confirmed rubella in pregnancy also suggested that the disease was being underdiagnosed in pregnant Asian women. Failure to prevent congenital rubella by termination of infected pregnancies may therefore contribute to the increased incidence of the syndrome in Asians. Health education programmes about the dangers of rubella in pregnancy and of the need for vaccination can readily be promoted in the Asian community through existing ethnic organisations. Protection of other ethnic minorities likely to be at similar increased risk may require a vaccination programme aimed at national elimination of rubella. 相似文献
993.
Similar dose responsiveness of hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to glucagon in vivo 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
R W Stevenson K E Steiner M A Davis G K Hendrick P E Williams W W Lacy L Brown P Donahue D B Lacy A D Cherrington 《Diabetes》1987,36(3):382-389
This study was undertaken to determine whether the dose-dependent effect of glucagon on gluconeogenesis parallels its effect on hepatic glycogenolysis in conscious overnight-fasted dogs. Endogenous insulin and glucagon secretion were inhibited by somatostatin (0.8 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1), and intraportal replacement infusions of insulin (213 +/- 28 microU X kg-1 X min-1) and glucagon (0.65 ng X kg-1 X min-1) were given to maintain basal hormone concentrations for 2 h (12 +/- 2 microU/ml and 108 +/- 23 pg/ml, respectively). The glucagon infusion was then increased 2-, 4-, 8-, or 12-fold for 3 h, whereas the rate of insulin infusion was left unchanged. Glucose production (GP) was determined with 3-[3H]glucose, and gluconeogenesis (GNG) was assessed with tracer (U-[14C]alanine conversion to [14C]glucose) and arteriovenous difference (hepatic fractional extraction of alanine, FEA) techniques. Increases in plasma glucagon of 53 +/- 8, 199 +/- 48, 402 +/- 28, and 697 +/- 149 pg/ml resulted in initial (15-30 min) increases in GP of 1.1 +/- 0.4 (N = 4), 4.9 +/- 0.5 (N = 4), 6.5 +/- 0.6 (N = 6), and 7.7 +/- 1.4 (N = 4) mg X kg-1 X min-1, respectively; increases in GNG (approximately 3 h) of 48 +/- 19, 151 +/- 50, 161 +/- 25, and 157 +/- 7%, respectively; and increases in FEA (3 h) of 0.14 +/- 0.07, 0.37 +/- 0.05, 0.42 +/- 0.04, and 0.40 +/- 0.17, respectively. In conclusion, GNG and glycogenolysis were similarly sensitive to stimulation by glucagon in vivo, and the dose-response curves were markedly parallel. 相似文献
994.
Psychiatric morbidity in Hobart's dependent aged 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
D W Kay T A Holding B Jones S Littler 《The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry》1987,21(4):463-475
Psychiatric morbidity in the dependent aged was studied in the elderly population of Hobart's nursing homes and long-stay hospitals. Only patients with home addresses in Hobart and who were admitted for the first time aged 70 years or over were included. Three hundred and twelve persons were interviewed with a standard interview, and an informant was interviewed when appropriate. The medical records were searched for diagnoses and drug treatments. Physical disability was rated on an ad hoc scale. Comparisons were made of the prevalence of dementia, depression and anxiety in different types of unit, and between these and two domiciliary samples, one of which received domiciliary nursing services (n = 100) and the other not (n = 100). The differential use of institutions by men and women, and a possible sex difference in the prevalence of dementia is discussed. 相似文献
995.
996.
Stress-induced changes in cholecystokinin and substance P concentrations in discrete regions of the rat hypothalamus 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The effects of acute stress exposure upon cholecystokinin (CCK) and substance P (SP) concentrations in discrete hypothalamic regions of the adult male rat brain were studied. Animals were exposed to foot shock stress for periods of 2, 4, 10, 30 or 60 min duration; immediately afterwards they were decapitated; brains were frozen and subsequently microdissected. CCK and SP concentrations were assayed by a specific RIA, as were serum levels of ACTH, corticosterone, PRL, GH, LH and testosterone. Stress had no effect upon SP concentrations in the anterior or posterior parts of the arcuate nucleus (ARC), but led to elevated CCK levels in the posterior ARC following 60 min of exposure. In both the ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamic areas, stress induced depletions of both neuropeptides. In the anterior (but not the posterior) portions of the lateral hypothalamic area, CCK and SP concentrations were reduced by stress exposure. These studies demonstrate that discrete hypothalamic CCK and SP neuronal systems are responsive to stress. This suggests that endogenous hypothalamic CCK and SP participate, along with other neurotransmitters/neuromodulators, in the integrated hypothalamic stress response, and mediate stress-neuroendocrine interactions. 相似文献
997.
998.
Localized primary (AL) amyloid tumor of the breast. Cytologic, histologic, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural observations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
J F Silverman D J Dabbs H T Norris W J Pories J Legier S Kay 《The American journal of surgical pathology》1986,10(8):539-545
Two examples of localized primary amyloid tumor of the breast are presented, including one patient with metachronous bilateral lesions. Our findings and review of the literature indicate that this rare lesion occurs predominantly in elderly females and can be mammographically and clinically confused with carcinoma. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy can be a useful procedure to make a preliminary diagnosis. Congo red staining with prior potassium permanganate incubation confirmed the AL type of amyloid in our two cases; this might be the predominant type in the localized form involving the breast. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated IgA, with kappa and lambda light-chain deposition within the amyloid foci in one case, and intracytoplasmic IgG with both light chains within plasma cells and amyloid deposits of the second case. Ultrastructural examination of one of the cases showed characteristic findings of straight, nonbranching fibrils of 4-9 nm, diagnostic of amyloid. From our findings and a review of the literature, we conclude that amyloid tumors of the breast can occur in three separate settings: secondary amyloidosis, systemic or multiple myeloma associated amyloidosis, and as a localized primary type having a benign course. 相似文献
999.
After measurement of normal renal function, dog kidneys (n = 52) were subjected to 3, 15, or 30 min of normothermic warm ischemia (WI). After 24 hr of preservation by simple hypothermic storage (SHS) in a modified Collins solution, autotransplant was done and renal function was again measured beginning at 1 hr. Compared with preharvest values, kidneys with minimal (3 min) WI had significantly decreased clearances of creatinine (Cr) and para-aminohippuric acid (PAH), PAH extraction, absolute and fractional Na reabsorption, Na excretion, and urinary Na concentration; no change in urine flow rate or K excretion; and significantly increased fractional excretion of Na, K, and H2O. Compared with minimal WI, 30-min WI produced further significant decreases in clearances of Cr, PAH, and PAH extraction; and further increases in fractional excretion of Na, K, and H2O. Urine flow was also decreased by about half and urine Na concentration rose significantly. Several parameters were very significantly correlated with the length of WI, but the most reliable index was the fractional reabsorption of Na. When several functional parameters were used together, kidneys with significant (30 min) WI prior to preservation could be identified with a high degree of statistical reliability. 相似文献
1000.