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Jennifer J. Schoch Reesa L. Monir Kerrie G. Satcher Jessica Harris Eric Triplett Josef Neu 《Pediatric dermatology》2019,36(5):574-580
Recent focus on the neonatal intestinal microbiome has advanced our knowledge of the complex interplay between the intestinal barrier, the developing immune system, and commensal and pathogenic organisms. Despite the parallel role of the infant skin in serving as both a barrier and an interface for priming the immune system, large gaps exist in our understanding of the infantile cutaneous microbiome. The skin microbiome changes and matures throughout infancy, becoming more diverse and developing the site specificity known to exist in adults. Delivery method initially determines the composition of the cutaneous microbiome, though this impact appears transient. Cutaneous microbes play a critical role in immune system development, particularly during the neonatal period, and microbes and immune cells have closely intertwined, reciprocal effects. The unique structure of newborn skin influences cutaneous microbial colonization and the development of dermatologic pathology. The development of the infantile skin barrier and cutaneous microbiome contributes to future skin pathology. Atopic dermatitis flares and seborrheic dermatitis have been linked to dysbiosis, while erythema toxicum neonatorum is an immune response to the establishment of normal bacterial skin flora. Physicians who care for infants should be aware of the impact of the infantile skin microbiome and its role in the development of pathology. A better understanding of the origin and evolution of the skin microbiome will lead to more effective prevention and treatment of pediatric skin disease. 相似文献
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Background
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness that affects the client, family, and community. Nurses are educated to use the nurse-patient relationship to provide health education and collaborative health decision-making. However, challenges abound for nurses and clients with schizophrenia to effectively utilize the relationship to reach these goals.Problem
There is a lack of evidence-based information to assist nurses to meet the challenges of building effective therapeutic relationships with clients for whom schizophrenia hinders health education and decision-making.Purpose
To examine current research findings on factors that influence therapeutic relationships in psychiatric treatment settings as an initial effort to provide empirically based guidance for psychiatric nurses who seek to better use the relationship to work with the client toward health-related goals.Method
This integrative review of the literature follows Whittemore and Knafl's (2015) method, analyzes 15 studies from multiple databases between the years 2006–2017, and assesses the rigor of each.Findings
Numerous methods are used to assess therapeutic relationships. Few studies included nurses. Provider perception of client symptoms can negatively affect provider assessment of quality of relationship; no such association was found on the part of clients. Providers and clients prioritize client needs differently, with providers influenced by treatment setting demands, but provider-training programs can have a beneficial effect on their relationships.Conclusion
Nurses and nurse educators can use the findings to guide assessment of how perceptions and priorities influence relationships. Findings also provide the foundation for further study of nurses' perceptions of therapeutic relationship, in progress, to yield more detailed information on what nurses and educators need to strengthen therapeutic relationships. 相似文献19.
John P. Sundberg Kathleen A. Silva Victoria E. Kennedy John J. Wilson Nicholas E. Gott Beth A. Sundberg Derry C. Roopenian 《Experimental dermatology》2019,28(9):1091-1093
2‐deoxy D‐glucose (2DG) was tested for efficacy in treating alopecia areata using the C3H/HeJ skin graft model. 2DG has proven to be efficacious in treatment of various mouse models of autoimmunity with minimal serious side effects noted. This agent has been shown to normalize abnormally activated T‐cell populations while also preventing cell surface expression of NKG2D; key factors defining alopecia areata disease progression. Daily oral ingestion of 2DG via drinking water to mice with patchy or diffuse alopecia areata for 16 weeks failed to prevent expansion of alopecia or cause regrowth of hair in treated mice. Histologically, there were no differences between treated and control groups. These results indicate that, while 2DG is effective for some autoimmune diseases, it was not efficacious for the cell‐mediated autoimmune mouse disease, alopecia areata. 相似文献
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Justin E. Karr Holly K. Rau Jane B. Shofer Rebecca C. Hendrickson Elaine R. Peskind Kathleen F. Pagulayan 《Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology》2019,41(7):680-693
Introduction: This study investigated variables associated with subjective decline in executive function among Veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, and New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) following a history of blast-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).Method: Fifty-six male U.S. Veterans (MAge = 35.3 ± 8.8 years) with a history of blast-related mTBI (6.6 ± 3.2 years post injury) completed a battery of self-report questionnaires and neuropsychological measures. Participants rated current and retrospectively estimated pre-mTBI executive function difficulties on the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe). A difference score (post- minus pre-mTBI ratings) was the dependent variable (?FrSBe). Linear regression models examined variables predicting ?FrSBe, including: pre-injury characteristics (education, premorbid intelligence), injury-related characteristics (number of blast exposures, losses of consciousness), post-injury clinical symptoms (PTSD Checklist–Military version; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and post-injury neuropsychological performances on executive function measures (Trail Making Test Part B; Controlled Oral Word Association Test; Auditory Consonant Trigrams; Wisconsin Card Sorting Test).Results: While 11% of participants had a clinically elevated pre-injury FrSBe total score, 82% had a clinically elevated post-injury FrSBe total score. Only self-reported PTSD symptom severity independently predicted perceived change in executive function.Conclusions: Many OEF/OIF/OND Veterans with a history of blast-related mTBI experience subjective decline in executive function following injury. Perceived executive function decline was associated with higher PTSD symptom severity, aligning with previous research associating PTSD with cognitive complaints. Results did not support a correspondence between perceived cognitive change and neuropsychological performances. 相似文献