中心静脉导管胸腔留置治疗胸腔积液

目的评价中心静脉导管留置治疗胸腔积液的疗效。方法257例胸腔积液患者分为两组，治疗组207例，应用胸腔留置中心静脉导管治疗；对照组50例，常规胸穿抽液治疗，观察并比较不同治疗方法的疗效、并发症等指标。结果两组对比多项指标差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论采用中心静脉导管治疗胸腔积液可减少胸穿次数、降低反应，提高治愈率。     

CYP2C19基因多态性及与其代谢相关药物的研究

细胞色素P450酶系(CYP450)是人体内参与药物代谢的主要酶,CYP2C19是细胞色素P450酶系中的一种。临床上多种药物在体内代谢时,均需要CYP2C19酶的参与。许多研究显示,CYP2C19酶的活性受CYP2C19基因多态性的影响。本文就CYP2C19基因多态性及其在体内参与几种药物的代谢情况进行分析与总结。     

克罗米芬联合促卵泡素治疗30例多囊卵巢综合征的疗效分析

目的探讨分析克罗米芬联合促卵泡素在多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）治疗中的疗效。方法回顾性分析该院就诊并确诊为PCOS的患者共60例,随机数法分为两组,对照组治疗方案：克罗米芬＋人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）,观察组治疗方案：克罗米芬＋促卵泡素＋人绝经期促性腺激素（HMG）＋HCG,排卵后黄体酮支持治疗两周,比较两组患者促排卵疗效。结果观察组患者排卵率和妊娠率均明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）;观察组患者治疗总有效率明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论克罗米芬联合促卵泡素治疗PCOS促排卵疗效确切,能够有效提高排卵率和妊娠率,推荐临床推广应用。     

野茼蒿的挥发性成分研究

目的：研究野茼蒿的挥发性成分。方法：用固相微萃取（solid-phase microextrations,SPME）和气相色谱-质谱（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS）联用仪对野茼蒿的挥发性成分进行测定。结果：从中共鉴定出37种化学成分。含量最多的3种成分是月桂烯（61.609%）、牛儿烯D（6.481%）、α-葎草烯（6.293%）。结论：茼蒿主要挥发性成分为烯烃。     

亚低温治疗特重型颅脑损伤疗效观察

目的:探讨亚低温对特重型颅脑损伤患者的疗效。方法:将70例特重型颅脑损伤患者随机分为实验组(亚低温组)和对照组(常规手术组)。实验组在常规治疗的基础上在给予亚低温治疗,每组35例,并比较两组的临床疗效。结果:实验组恢复良好率37.14%明显高于对照组11.43%,死亡率25.71%明显低于对照组42.86%,(P<0.05)。结论:在常规治疗的基础上加用亚低温疗法治疗特重型颅脑损伤可以明显改善患者的预后。     

美国医疗器械上市前监管概述与启示

美国食品和药物管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)经过多年发展和改革,已形成了成熟的上市前监管体系。本文通过对FDA上市批准路径(上市前批准、上市前通告、人道主义用器械豁免)和申报流程进行系统介绍,总结了加强事前沟通、降低产品风险等级和设立实质审查程序三个方面的启示,希望我国监管机构能充分吸收美国FDA对于医疗器械监管的经验和教训,建立适合中国国情的医疗器械监管体系,确保公众用器械安全。     

Pseudoaneurysm detection with Tc-99m-labeled red blood cells

A technique for the noninvasive diagnosis of pseudoaneurysms is described. This method employs in vivo labeling of red blood cells with Tc-99m to allow better delineation of the vascular anatomy than standard radionuclide angiography. Four cases are illustrated.     

NB4 cells show bilineage potential and an aberrant pattern of neutrophil secondary granule protein gene expression

NB4 is an acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line that has been shown to be inducible to terminal neutrophil maturation with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). HL60 cells are differentially inducible with 12-O- tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to monocytes or granulocytes, respectively. HL60 cells induced with DMSO undergo defective neutrophil maturation, manifested by a coordinate failure of secondary granule protein gene expression. We observed a similar defect in granulocytic maturation in ATRA-induced NB4 cells. In addition, because normal promyelocytes are known to have bilineage potential, we have investigated differentiation along monocytoid lines induced with TPA. We observed a striking phenotypic change along monocytoid/macrophage lines with TPA induction. Flow cytometry showed a TPA-induced increase in HLA-DR expression, and Northern blot analysis showed induction of expression of CD18, c-fos, and human neutrophil gelatinase (HNG). HNG is unique among the neutrophil secondary granule protein genes in that it is expressed in both the neutrophil and monocyte lineages. This again parallels our findings in TPA-induced HL60 cells, which retain the ability to express HNG. These findings confirm bilineage potential in NB4 cells. They also support the hypothesis of coordinate neutrophil secondary granule protein gene expression and a defect in this control as part of the leukemic phenotype.     

Respiratory distress syndrome treated with human surfactant: radiographic findings

Chest radiographs of 18 newborns treated with endotracheal instillation of human surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were compared with those of 18 similar but untreated infants. In the treated infants, severity of RDS significantly improved after surfactant administration. Most treated infants (16/18) exhibited a left-to-right shunt, presumably through a patent ductus arteriosus; similar findings were noted in untreated infants (17/18). Complications of respiratory assistance in the treated infants included transient pulmonary interstitial emphysema (n = 1), pneumothorax (n = 1), and mild (n = 4) to moderate (n = 2) bronchopulmonary dysplasia; the incidences of these complications did not exceed those in untreated infants. In three treated infants, a transient interstitial lung disease developed 3-4 days after surfactant administration.