In vivo study of intradermal focusing for tattoo removal

. Delivery of intradermally focused nanosecond laser pulses with small energy as an alternate technique applicable to clinical procedures in dermatological and plastic surgery is an area of relatively new interest with multiple potential applications. We assessed this approach on common tattoo pigments in dermis in an in vivo study using a wavelength of 1064 nm. Paired micropigs were tattooed with standard blue, black, green and red pigments. The tattoos were allowed to mature and then treated by 12 ns pulses in a focused beam of 11.4° cone angle. Visual observation and histological analysis of biopsies were performed to evaluate results. Significant reduction in pulse energy and collateral damage was achieved with pulse energy ranging between 38 to 63 mJ. Blue and black tattoos were found to respond well from a clinical standpoint. The depth dependence of tissue response and pigment redistributions at 1 hour, 1 week and 1 month after laser treatment was quantitatively analysed through biopsies and a strong relationship was demonstrated between tattoo response and laser-induced dermal vacuolation. The optical absorption coefficients of the four tattoo pigments were measured to be approximately the same and the laser-induced plasma is suggested to be responsible for the pigment redistribution. As we hypothesised, intradermal focusing of nanosecond pulses significantly reduced required pulse energy for tattoo ablation to about 60 mJ or less. These results stimulate a number of additional questions relevant not only to clinical applications but also to the understanding of the fundamental process of laser–pigment interaction in the dermis as it relates to tattoo removal. Paper received 1 November 2001; accepted after revision 14 December 2001     

Diagnosis of tritanopic vision by means of the D & H color-rule

Summary 11 tritans of whom 4 were first diagnosed 20 years ago were tested with the D & H Color-Rule and found to exhibit a characteristic pattern of extended matching areas.

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Zusammenfassung Der von der Firma Davidson & Hemmendinger unter der Bezeichnung Color-Rule hergestellte Test zur Farbsinnprüfung an metameren Farben hat sich als ein nützliches diagnostisches Hilfsmittel zur Diagnostik der verschiedenen Formen der partiellen Farbenblindheit bewährt. In früheren Untersuchungen sind die für Deutero- und Protostörungen typischen Ergebnisse der Untersuchungsmethode dargestellt worden. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt die charakteristische Form und Ausrichtung der Verwechslungszone bei Tritanopien. Die Untersuchungen wurden an Patienten mit congenitaler Tritanopie durchgeführt. Der Vorteil des Tests liegt in seiner geringen Größe, seiner einfachen Handhabung, seiner universellen Verwendbarkeit und in der Eindeutigkeit der ermittelten Ergebnisse.

     

Soziale Fürsorge als Mittel zur Verbrechensverhütung

Ohne ZusammenfassungVorgetragen auf der XII. Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für gerichtliche und soziale Medizin in Leipzig, September 1922.     

Vergiftungen

International Journal of Legal Medicine -     

Gewerbekrankheiten

International Journal of Legal Medicine -     

A Single Dose of Ethanol Suppresses Rat Embryo Development in Vivo

In humans and animal models, maternal ethanol consumption during pregnancy results in a variety of fetal defects collectively termed the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Limited follow-up studies suggest that FAS children fail to achieve normal physical or mental development despite significant postnatal intervention. Although the complete FAS appears to result only when chronic, excessive alcohol consumption occurs throughout pregnancy, several investigators have suggested that ethanol consumption at intermediate levels may induce components of FAS. The defect most consistently observed in neonates exposed to ethanol is growth retardation. Even those children whose mothers consume limited amounts of ethanol during pregnancy have a significant incidence of fetal growth deficiency. We now report that a single dose of ethanol administered to female Holtzman rats within 8 hr after mating results in a dose-dependent retardation of cell division in the fertilized ova. The growth retardation is sustained up to 42 hr after the dose and the embryos of young mothers are especially sensitive to ethanol. Animals with high blood alcohol levels (<150 mg/100 ml) show a significant increase in abnormal embryo morphology. These data suggest that maternal consumption of a single dose of ethanol near the time of conception retards embryonic growth and may be detrimental to the developing organism. Further, young female rats receiving a high dose of ethanol had significantly lower uterine weights and a lower number of corpora lutea per ovary, suggesting that a single dose of ethanol has a detrimental effect on maternal reproductive ability.