Pangolin Indexing System: implications in forensic surveillance of large seizures

International Journal of Legal Medicine - Demand for pangolin scales in East Asia has increased dramatically in the past two decades, raising concern to the pangolin survival and bringing them to...     

2-Phenylindole and Arylsulphonamide: Novel Scaffolds Bactericidal against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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Bilateral polymicrogyria associated with dystonia: A new neurogenetic syndrome?

The clinical presentation of bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria (PMG) is highly variable, including oromotor dysfunction, epilepsy, intellectual disability, and pyramidal signs. Extrapyramidal features are extremely rare. We present four apparently unrelated patients with a unique association of PMG with dystonia. The clinical, genetic, and radiologic features are described and possible mechanisms of dystonia are discussed. All patients were female and two were born to consanguineous families. All presented with early childhood onset dystonia. Other neurologic symptoms and signs classically seen in bilateral perisylvian PMG were observed, including oromotor dysfunction and speech abnormalities ranging from dysarthria to anarthria (4/4), pyramidal signs (3/4), hypotonia (3/4), postnatal microcephaly (1/4), and seizures (1/4). Neuroimaging showed a unique pattern of bilateral PMG with an infolded cortex originating primarily from the perisylvian region in three out of four patients. Whole exome sequencing was performed in two out of four patients and did not reveal pathogenic variants in known genes for cortical malformations or movement disorders. The dystonia seen in our patients is not described in bilateral PMG and suggests an underlying mechanism of impaired connectivity within the motor network or compromised cortical inhibition. The association of bilateral PMG with dystonia in our patients may represent a new neurogenetic disorder.     

Comparison of transrectal ultrasound prostatic volume estimation with magnetic resonance imaging volume estimation and surgical specimen weight in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

There are relatively few reports in the literature comparing transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in estimating the volume of the prostate in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In this study, we compared volumes determined by TRUS with MRI and TRUS-estimated weights with surgical specimen weights. The main findings of this study were (a) TRUS and MRI measurement of prostate volumes are quite similar; and (b) TRUS underestimates (by 10%) the prostatic weight as determined from the surgical specimens. A better volume estimate can thus be obtained by multiplying the TRUS measurement by a factor of 1.10. We conclude that because TRUS is cheap, user-friendly, noninvasive, and equally as accurate as MRI, it should be the preferred modality in the follow-up of BPH patients. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Nanomaterial catalyzed green synthesis of tetrazoles and its derivatives: a review on recent advancements

Tetrazoles are indispensable nitrogen containing heterocyclic scaffolds that offer a broad spectrum of applications in various domains such as medicinal chemistry, high energy material science, biochemistry, pharmacology etc. Owing to their useful applications, a wide range of catalysts have been explored for green synthesis of tetrazole derivatives. In recent times, nanomaterials have been emerged as extremely efficient catalysts for different organic transformations because of their high surface area-to-volume ratio, easy surface modification, simple fabrications, easy recovery and reusability. In this article, we have presented an overview of utilization of various nano-catalysts, nanocomposites and other solid-supported nanomaterials as an efficient environmental benign catalytic system for green synthesis of tetrazoles and derivatives. This review will provide an exclusive emphasis on boehmite, magnetic, copper, carbon, MCM-41, and composite based nanomaterials that have been developed since the year 2010 for the synthesis of tetrazole derivatives. In addition, we have briefly discussed the fabrication, functionalization and characterization of some novel nanomaterials and their advantages in the synthesis of tetrazole and its derivatives along with the reaction mechanism that involves synthesis of tetrazole derivatives via nanomaterials catalysed reactions.

Tetrazoles are indispensable nitrogen containing heterocyclic scaffolds that offer a broad spectrum of applications in various domains such as medicinal chemistry, high energy material science, biochemistry, pharmacology etc.     

Three-Dimensional Endoscopy-Assisted Excision and Reconstruction for Metastatic Disease of the Dorsal and Lumbar Spine: Early Results

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore the role of three-dimensional (3D) endoscopy in surgical management of metastatic disease of the dorsal and lumbar spine.MethodsThis is a prospective study on 33 patients (15 men and 18 women, mean age of 61.6 ± 8.9 years) with biopsy-proven metastatic disease of the spine managed by sequential/staged posterior decompression-stabilization, followed by 3D endoscopy-assisted anterior corpectomy and stabilization with a mesh cage. All patients had significant extradural compression or spinal instability or both. Sixteen patients had neurological deficits. Visual analog scale (VAS), Frenkel grade (neurological deficits), Karnofsky performance status scale, and the 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) were used for assessment preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months from surgery.ResultsAt a mean follow-up of 1.7 ± 0.7 years from surgery, 18 patients were alive. VAS showed significant improvement at the latest follow-up compared to preoperative levels (4.39 vs. 6.61, p = 0.001). Karnofsky status did not show any significant improvement. Frenkel grade improved in 5 patients, deteriorated in 4 patients, and remained unchanged in 24 patients. Regarding SF-36 parameters, general health showed deterioration, but role functioning—physical, role functioning—emotional, social functioning, and body pain showed statistically significant improvement. There was no change in physical health, viability, and mental health. Subjectively the surgeons felt better depth perception and smoother surgical experience with the 3D optics technology. The only complication was delayed wound healing in three patients who had a previous history of radiotherapy to the surgical site.Conclusions3D endoscopy is a valuable tool in the management of metastatic spinal disease requiring excision and reconstruction using the combined posterior and anterior approaches. These early results warrant confirmation with more data and longer follow-ups.