苯甲吗啉类药物的代谢及代谢产物的研究

本文报道苯甲吗啉类药物的气相色谱与气质联用检测方法。用HP-5890A气相色谱仪、氮专属性检测器,对服药后不同时间排尿中原型药及主要代谢产物,以内标法定量测定,绘制尿累积排泄曲线.醚提取物用三氟醋酐衍生化、气相色谱、气质联用分析比较衍生化前后保留时间及质谱数据,鉴定主要代谢产物苯甲吗啉,微量代谢产物去甲麻黄素、去甲伪麻黄素、麻黄素和伪麻黄素,方法灵敏、结果可靠,适用于此类药物的临床监测与运动员尿样检测。     

Cerebrospinal fluid analyses in migraine patients and controls

To investigate the role of central neurotransmitters in the pathogenesis of migraine, we measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of certain amino acids (glycine, taurine, glutamine) and metabolites of biogenic amines (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid) in 38 migraine patients and compared them with the levels from 10 headache-free controls. The levels of taurine, glycine and glutamine were significantly higher in the migraine patients (p < 0.0001 for taurine and glycine; p < 0.0009 for glutamine); there were no significant differences among the three migraine subgroups (infrequent migraine, frequent migraine and transformed migraine). In seven patients subsequently treated with divalproex sodium, CSF taurine levels decreased significantly from pretreatment baseline values. These data support the concept that migraine is at least in part a disorder of central neurotransmission.     

Plaque accumulation on different dental filling materials

abstract — The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether some dental filling materials collect more plaque than others under standardized conditions in vitro and in vivo . Round disks of the filling materials of silicate, composite and amalgam were prepared and placed on an agar/sucrose medium or hung in liquid medium containing 5% sucrose. The mediae were inoculated with Streptococcus mutans OMZ 176 and OMZ 52–3. After 6 d the disks were rinsed in distilled water and the plaque that had accumulated on the surfaces was scraped off and measured by the orcinol method. The materials were also fitted to acrylic plates and introduced into the mouth. Six patients wore two plates each for comparison of the materials and were told to rinse their mouth every hour with 15% sucrose solution. After 8 h the plaque was scraped off and measured. Silicate disks on agar medium invariably produced inhibition zones of about 4 mm. Composites and amalgam showed no such zones. In liquid medium an insignificant amount of plaque was absorbed to the silicate disks, whereas abundant amounts were found on composite materials and some on amalgam disks. The same trend could be demonstrated in the clinical experiments.     

Continued Smoking in Lung Transplant Patients: A Cross Sectional Survey

Introduction

Smoking is associated with a higher incidence of post-lung transplantation complications and mortality. Prior to inclusion on the lung transplant waiting list in the Czech Republic, patients are supposed to be tobacco free for at least 6 months. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of smoking, validated by urinary cotinine, among patients post lung transplantation and prior to inclusion on the transplant waiting list.

Methods

Between 2009 and 2012, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of urinary cotinine to assess tobacco exposure in 203 patients in the Lung Transplant Program in the Czech Republic. We measured urinary cotinine in 163 patients prior to inclusion on the transplantation waiting list, and 53 patients post bilateral lung transplantation.

Results

15.1% (95% CI 0.078 to 0.269) of all lung transplant recipients had urinary cotinine levels corresponding to active smoking; and a further 3.8% (95% CI 0.007 to 0.116) had borderline results. Compared to patients with other diagnoses, patients with COPD were 35 times more likely to resume smoking post- transplantation (95% CI 1.92 to 637.37, p-value 0.016). All patients who tested positive for urinary cotinine levels were offered smoking cessation support. Only one Tx patient sought treatment for tobacco dependence, but was unsuccessful.

Conclusion

Smoking resumption may be an underrecognized risk for lung transplantation recipients, particularly among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. More rigorous screening, as well as support and treatment to stop smoking among these patients are needed.     

Temporal trends in primary total hip and knee arthroplasty surgery: results from a UK regional joint register, 1991�C2004

INTRODUCTION

The aim of this study was to evaluate temporal trends in the prevalence of primary total hip and knee replacements (THRs and TKRs) throughout the Trent region from 1991 to 2004.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The Trent Regional Arthroplasty Study records details of primary THR and TKR prospectively and data from the register were examined. Age and gender population data were provided by the Office for National Statistics.

RESULTS

A total of 26,281 THRs and 23,606 TKRs were recorded during this period. Analysis showed that females had an increased incidence rate ratio (IRR) for both primary THR (IRR = 1.29; 95% CI 1.26–1.33; P < 0.001) and TKR (IRR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.14–1.20; P < 0.001). Patients aged 74–85 years had the largest IRR for both primary THR (IRR = 6.7; 95% CI 6.4–7.0; P < 0.001) and TKR (IRR = 15.3; 95% CI 14.4–16.3; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of primary TKR increased significantly over time whereas THR remained steady in the Trent region between 1991 and 2004.