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991.
Myeongsook Seo Segyeong Joo Kee Wook Jung Eun Mi Song Satish S. C. Rao Seung-Jae Myung 《Current gastroenterology reports》2018,20(12):57
Purpose of Review
To review recently published diagnostic methods that use high-resolution (HR-) or high-definition- (HD-) anorectal manometry (ARM) techniques.Recent Findings
The integrated pressurized volume (IPV) is a new measure based on spatiotemporal plots obtained from HR-ARM. The IPV may be clinically useful for improving the prediction of abnormal balloon expulsion test in patients with constipation and for discriminating patients with anorectal disorders from asymptomatic controls. Combination of IPV parameters was superior to conventional manometric parameters in predicting the responsiveness to biofeedback therapy. Moreover, several novel parameters including the HR-ARM resting integral, HR-ARM squeeze profile, and anorectal asymmetry index may each be useful as predictive factors for identifying patients with fecal incontinence.Summary
HR- and HD-ARM are increasingly performed worldwide for evaluation of anorectal function. Here, we describe new metrics whose clinical significance has not been fully established. Further standardization and validation of these metrics could provide clinically important new information and could help improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of anorectal disorders.992.
Savio L. C. Woo Achilles Dugaiczyk Ming-Jer Tsai Eugene C. Lai James F. Catterall Bert W. O''''Malley 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1978,75(8):3688-3692
The structural ovalbumin DNA sequences are not contiguous and are separated by multiple "intervening regions" in native chicken DNA. EcoRI, a restriction endonuclease that does not cleave the structural ovalbumin DNA sequences, digests the natural ovalbumin gene into three distinct fragments of 2.4, 1.8, and 9.5 kilobase pairs in length by cleaving within these "intervening regions." The 2.4-kilobase pair fragment contains only about 450 nucleotide pairs of coding sequence, with the rest being intervening sequences. This DNA fragment was cloned in bacteria by using the certified EK2 vector lambdagtWES.lambdaB after enrichment from total EcoRI-digested chicken DNA by a combination of RPC-5 column chromatography and preparative agarose gel electrophoresis. Five out of approximately 20,000 recombinant phage plaques were capable of hybridizing with a (32)P-labeled Hha I fragment of a recombinant plasmid pOV230 containing the entire structural ovalbumin gene. DNA amplified in these recombinant phages, lambdagtWES.OV2.4, was shown to contain the same restriction endonuclease cleavage sites as in the 2.4-kilobase pair EcoRI fragment previously determined by restriction mapping of total genomic chicken DNA. The intervening sequences were allowed to hybridize with excess total chicken DNA and oviduct nuclear RNA after nick-translation. They were found to be unique chicken DNA sequences, and appeared to be transcribed in their entireties during gene expression. Like the structural gene sequences, the expression of the intervening sequences is also inducible by steroid hormones. 相似文献
993.
Dae-Hyouk Bang Won-Seob Shin Sung-Jin Choi Ho-Suk Choi 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2015,27(4):1203-1206
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the knee joint proprioception in
weight-bearing (WB) and non-weight-bearing (NWB) positions and to study the difference
between the methods in chronic stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were
15 stroke patients who were randomly scheduled to perform both positions by a physical
therapist not involved in the study. The subjects performed the positions (WB and NWB)
based on a randomized controlled cross-sectional design. WB subjects were positioned in
one-leg standing to assess the knee joint position sense. NWB subjects were instructed to
sit comfortably in a chair and maintain the knees at 90° of flexion with the leg out of
the plinth. [Results] The results revealed that the WB position showed a significant
difference in knee position sense. The proprioception sense in the WB position was a
higher than that in the NWB position. [Conclusion] The knee proprioception of chronic
stroke patients differs between the weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing positions.Key words: Knee proprioception, Stroke, Weight bearing 相似文献
994.
[Purpose] The purpose of this review was to investigate various types of VR programs and
their use in cognitive evaluations and interventions for patients with brain injury.
[Subjects and Methods] PubMed, Cochrane, and OTseeker electronic databases were searched
with the search terms. At of 350 titles and abstracts were retrieved, and 17 articles were
selected for this review. Selected articles were assessed on the level of evidence using
the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. [Results] Articles assessing the impact
of cognitive impairments in memory were most commonly found, and VR interventions elicited
positive effects in patients with brain injury. [Conclusion] VR can be considered a new
tool for cognitive rehabilitation after brain injury. VR interventions also have a number
of advantages, e.g. cost-effectiveness, compared to other interventions.Key words: Virtual reality, Brain injury, Systematic review 相似文献
995.
Tamotsu Yabumoto Sohee Shin Tsuneo Watanabe Yusuke Watanabe Toru Naka Kazuo Oguri Toshio Matsuoka 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2015,27(9):3023-3025
[Purpose] Strength training is recommended for children with cerebral palsy. However, it
is difficult for moderately impaired children with cerebral palsy, who require crutches
for ambulation, to participate in this type of training. The purpose of this study was to
investigate whether whole-body vibration training is an effective method of strengthening
in a moderately impaired child with cerebral palsy. [Subject and Methods] This report
describes an 8-year-old Japanese boy with cerebral palsy, who was ambulatory with
crutches. The subject participated in physical therapy twice a week for 5 weeks.
Whole-body vibration training was selected to complement the standing practice. The
patient’s crutch-walking ability, gross motor function, and spasticity were evaluated.
[Results] The number of steps and walking duration were reduced in a 5-m walk test with
crutches and gross motor function was improved. Further, the spasticity was reduced.
[Conclusion] Whole-body vibration training is an effective physical therapy intervention
in moderately impaired children with cerebral palsy, who are unable to walk without
crutches.Key words: Cerebral palsy, Whole-body vibration, Walking ability 相似文献
996.
[Purpose] The aim of this study was to investigate three muscle activities of drivers
with post-stoke hemiplegia while they were driving using a steering wheel or a spinner
knob, and to compare them with those of non-disabled drivers. [Subjects and Methods] The
subjects were four non-disabled drivers and five drivers with left hemiplegia. The
subjects drove forward in a straight line for 5 m and then turned right or left using the
steering wheel or spinner knob with only their right hand. EMG electrodes were placed over
the anterior deltoid, biceps and triceps brachii on the right-side. [Results] While
differences in muscle activation between the spinner knob and the steering wheel in the
control group were not significant, those of the experimental group were significant.
Activation of the biceps brachii while the control group turned the vehicle to the right
using the spinner knob was significantly lower than when using the steering wheel.
Activation of the biceps brachii while the experimental group turned the vehicle to the
right using the spinner knob was significantly lower than that of the control group.
[Conclusion] The results of this study indicate that a spinner knob requires less
activation of the main muscle than a steering wheel, especially in drivers who have had a
stroke. The results could be used as basic data when driver rehabilitation specialists
prescribe the spinner knob for patients.Key words: Driving, Muscle activation, Spinner knob 相似文献
997.
Masahiro Horiuchi Junko Endo Shin Akatsuka Tatsuya Hasegawa Eriko Yamamoto Tadashi Uno Sachiko Kikuchi 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2015,27(12):3711-3716
[Purpose] Forest walking may be effective for human health, but little information is
available about effects of energy expenditure on blood pressure responses after forest
walking. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the activity
energy expenditure and changes in blood pressure in individuals after forest walking.
[Subjects] The subjects were 54 middle-aged and elderly people. [Methods] All subjects
walked in the forest for approximately 90 min. Blood pressure, salivary amylase, and the
Profile of Mood States were evaluated before and after forest walking, and activity energy
expenditure was monitored throughout forest walking. Subjects were divided into two groups
according to mean arterial pressure changes: a responder group (>5% decreases) and a
nonresponder group (<5%). [Results] Forest walking significantly reduced the mean
arterial pressure and improved the Profile of Mood States in both groups. Activity energy
expenditure was related to changes in mean arterial pressure in the responder group, while
this relation was not observed in the nonresponder group. Differential activity energy
expenditure did not strongly affect improvement of the Profile of Mood States.
[Conclusion] Greater walking-related greater activity energy expenditure might be required
to accentuate physiological beneficial effects on in middle-aged and aged people.
Furthermore, the forest environment per se can attenuate psychological stress.Key words: Hypertension, Profile of Mood States, Responder and nonresponder 相似文献
998.
Mizuki Hachiya Shin Murata Hiroshi Otao Takehiko Ihara Katsuhiko Mizota Toyoko Asami 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2015,27(12):3663-3666
[Purpose] This study aimed to verify the usefulness of a 50-m round walking test
developed as an assessment method for walking ability in the elderly. [Subjects] The
subjects were 166 elderly requiring long-term care individuals (mean age, 80.5 years).
[Methods] In order to evaluate the factors that had affected falls in the subjects in the
previous year, we performed the 50-m round walking test, functional reach test, one-leg
standing test, and 5-m walking test and measured grip strength and quadriceps strength.
[Results] The 50-m round walking test was selected as a variable indicating fall risk
based on the results of multiple logistic regression analysis. The cutoff value of the
50-m round walking test for determining fall risk was 0.66 m/sec. The area under the
receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.64. The sensitivity of the cutoff value was
65.7%, the specificity was 63.6%, the positive predictive value was 55.0%, the negative
predictive value was 73.3%, and the accuracy was 64.5%. [Conclusion] These results suggest
that the 50-m round walking test is a potentially useful parameter for the determination
of fall risk in the elderly requiring long-term care.Key words: 50-meter round walk test, Local elderly individuals, Falls 相似文献
999.
Hyuk Yoon Young Soo Park Dong Ho Lee Jae-Gu Seo Cheol Min Shin Nayoung Kim 《Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition》2015,57(2):129-134
We assessed the effect of multi-species probiotic mixture on the changes in fecal microbiota and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. Eighty-one IBS patients were randomly assigned to receive either probiotic mixture (n = 39; containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium breve, B. actis, B. longum, and Streptococcus thermophilus) or placebo (n = 42) for 4 weeks. A questionnaire regarding general symptom relief was administered. The change in total symptom scores (sum of 10 IBS symptoms) and subtotal scores in 4 domains (pain, constipation, diarrhea, and bloating/gas) were evaluated. The change in fecal flora was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The concentration of probiotic strains significantly increased after ingestion in probiotics group (B. bifidum, p = 0.043; B. lactis, p<0.001; L. acidophilus, p = 0.016; L. rhamnosus, p<0.001). The proportion of patients with adequate symptom relief was higher in probiotics group than in placebo group (74.4% vs 61.9%, p = 0.230). The decrease in total symptom score over time was not significantly different between the groups (p = 0.703). Among subtotal scores of 4 IBS symptom domains, the time effect was significantly different for diarrhea-symptom score between the groups (p = 0.017). A 4-week administration of multi-species probiotic mixture significantly increased the fecal concentration of most probiotic strains and improved diarrhea-symptom scores in IBS patients. 相似文献
1000.
Moon-Hwan Kim Chung-Hwi Yi Jong-Hyuck Weon Heon-Seock Cynn Do-Young Jung Oh-Yun Kwon 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2015,27(4):1019-1022
[Purpose] This study investigated whether the toe-spread-out exercise affects the hallux
valgus angle, the cross-sectional area of the abductor hallucis muscle, and the hallux
valgus angle during active abduction. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-four subjects with
hallux valgus were randomly assigned to orthosis and orthosis plus toe-spread-out exercise
groups. The orthosis group wore the orthosis for 8 weeks, while the orthosis plus
toe-spread-out group also performed the toe-spread-out exercise. The hallux valgus angle,
the cross-sectional area of the abductor hallucis muscle, and the hallux valgus angle
during active abduction were measured initially and after 8 weeks by radiography and
ultrasonography. [Results] While there were no significant changes in the three parameters
in the orthosis group, there were significant differences in the orthosis plus
toe-spread-out exercise group after 8 weeks. In addition there were significant
differences in the three measures between the two groups. [Conclusion] The toe-spread-out
exercise reduces the hallux valgus angle and hallux valgus angle during active abduction,
and increases the cross-sectional area of the abductor hallucis muscle. The toe-spread-out
exercise is recommended for patients with mild to moderate hallux valgus.Key words: Hallux valgus, Radiography, Toe-spread-out exercise 相似文献