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81.
The therapeutic program for persons with asthma includes recommendations for altering the environment and a drug regimen designed to alleviate symptoms, minimize exacerbations, and improve quality of life. Unfortunately, patients can have difficulty adhering to these recommendations, which contributes to treatment failure and increased costs. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the challenge of adherence in adults with asthma, including the costs and benefits, optimal adherence levels, assessment methods commonly used in research and practice, factors believed to predict poor adherence, and tested and untested strategies for improving adherence. Opportunities for further research are discussed throughout the paper. 相似文献
82.
Vincenzo Forgetta Juan Edgar Castillo‐Fernandez Morten Frost Tim D Spector Kaare Christensen Lene Christiansen Fernando Rivadeneira Jonathan H Tobias David M Evans Douglas P Kiel Yi‐Hsiang Hsu J Brent Richards Jordana T Bell 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2017,32(8):1644-1650
Genetic and environmental determinants of skeletal phenotypes such as bone mineral density (BMD) may converge through the epigenome, providing a tool to better understand osteoporosis pathophysiology. Because the epigenetics of BMD have been largely unexplored in humans, we performed an epigenome‐wide association study (EWAS) of BMD. We undertook a large‐scale BMD EWAS using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 array to measure site‐specific DNA methylation in up to 5515 European‐descent individuals (NDiscovery = 4614, NValidation = 901). We associated methylation at multiple cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine (CpG) sites with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA)‐derived femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD. We performed sex‐combined and stratified analyses, controlling for age, weight, smoking status, estimated white blood cell proportions, and random effects for relatedness and batch effects. A 5% false‐discovery rate was used to identify CpGs associated with BMD. We identified one CpG site, cg23196985, significantly associated with femoral neck BMD in 3232 females (p = 7.9 × 10?11) and 4614 females and males (p = 3.0 × 10?8). cg23196985 was not associated with femoral neck BMD in an additional sample of 474 females (p = 0.64) and 901 males and females (p = 0.60). Lack of strong consistent association signal indicates that among the tested probes, no large‐effect epigenetic changes in whole blood associated with BMD, suggesting future epigenomic studies of musculoskeletal traits measure DNA methylation in a different tissue with extended genome coverage. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. 相似文献
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Eric D. Wish PhD Erin Artigiani MA Amy Billing MSSA Wanda Hauser BA Jordana Hemberg BA Myron Shiplet BS 《Journal of addictive diseases》2013,32(1):3-7
The authors sampled for expanded drug testing of 1,061 urine specimens collected by Maryland Division of Parole and Probation staff. They found an increase in the percentage of individuals testing positive for buprenorphine and found that these specimens often contained other drugs, suggesting misuse. Subsequent interviews with 15 probationers and parolees in Baltimore, Maryland, showed wide-scale availability of buprenorphine on the street and in prisons. Medical examiners and drug testing programs should immediately initiate routine testing for buprenorphine to track a possible outbreak of buprenorphine diversion and misuse. Physician education programs should redouble their efforts to teach strategies to deter diversion and misuse of the drug. 相似文献
86.
Mary Jo Larson PhD MPA Maryann Amodeo PhD MSW Joseph S. LoCastro PhD Jordana Muroff PhD MSW Lauren Smith BS Eric Gerstenberger MS 《Substance Abuse》2013,34(2):179-187
ABSTRACT Background and Methods: The authors designed and delivered an innovative Web course on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a specific empirically based treatment, to a diverse group of addiction counselors and supervisors in 54 addiction units across the country, and conducted a randomized controlled trial of its effectiveness with 127 counselors. The primary focus of the trial was to assess “adequate adherence to CBT practice” after training as judged by raters blinded to training condition who listened to audiotapes of actual client sessions. Counselors who passed were judged to satisfy 2 criteria: (a) low pass or greater on at least 1 of 3 “CBT-generic skills” assessing session structure; and (b) low pass or greater on at least 1 of 3 “CBT-specific skills” related to use of functional analysis, cognitive skills practice, or behavioral skills practice. Results: Although the counselors’ use of CBT skills in sessions increased after Web course training, it was not statistically significant and not larger than the gain of control-group counselors trained with a written CBT manual. 相似文献
87.
de Menezes Jordana Calil Lopes de Almeida Nobre-Sandoval Larissa Murta Sheila Giardini 《International journal of mental health and addiction》2020,18(2):407-421
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction - Local adaptations can promote user engagement and sustainability in the preventive program. The objective of this study is to evaluate local... 相似文献
88.
Einat Shalom-Paz Alicia Marzal Amir Wiser Jordana Hyman Togas Tulandi 《Gynecological endocrinology》2014,30(2):107-110
Objective: To evaluate pregnancy-related leading follicles during ovulation induction and superovulation with clomiphene citrate (CC) or gonadotropin.Design: Retrospective cohort.Patients: Five hundred and forty-two women who underwent a total of 615 treatment cycles with CC or gonadotropin.Intervention: We evaluated the effects of CC and gonadotropin on the leading follicles, clinical pregnancy rates and miscarriage rate.Results: The number of follicles larger than 15?mm in the different protocols was comparable. In those treated with CC, the diameter of the dominant follicles before human chorionic gonadotropins (hCG) trigger in the conception cycles (20.4?±?1.2?mm) was significantly larger than in the non-conception cycles (18.8?±?1.9?mm). In women treated with gonadotropin, the diameter of the leading follicle in the conception cycles (18.5?±?1.7?mm) was comparable to that in the non-conception cycles (18.2?±?1.7?mm). The pregnancy-related diameter of the leading follicle in CC cycles (20.4?±?1.2?mm) was significantly larger than that in gonadotropin cycles (18.8?±?1.9?mm; p?=?0.001; 95% CI, ?2.2 to ?0.9).Conclusion: Pregnancy-related diameter of the leading follicle in CC cycles is significantly larger than that in gonadotropin cycles and the best time for hCG trigger in the CC cycle is when the leading follicle reaches 20?mm. 相似文献
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Bartlett CW Vieland VJ Bartlett J Bell JT Bhattacharjee S Clerget-Darpoux F Bush WS Edwards TL Gao G Halder I Huang Y Kotti S Larkin EK Li H Motsinger AA Mukhopadhyay N Namkung J Park T Ritchie MD Stein CM Zhou JY 《Genetic epidemiology》2007,31(Z1):S61-S67
Interest in mapping susceptibility alleles for complex diseases, which do not follow a classic single-gene segregation pattern, has driven interest in methods that account for, or use information from one locus when mapping another. Our discussion group examined methods related to epistasis or gene x gene interaction. The goal of modeling gene x gene interaction varied across groups; some papers tried to detect gene x gene interaction while others tried to exploit it to map genes. Most of the 10 papers summarized here applied newly created or newly modified statistical methods related to gene x gene interaction, while two groups primarily examined computational issues. As is often the case, comparisons are complicated by little overlap in the data used across the papers, and further complicated by the fact that the available data may not have been ideal for some gene x gene interaction methods. However, the main difficulty in comparing and contrasting methods across the papers is the lack of a consistent statistical definition of gene x gene interaction. But despite these issues, two clear trends emerged across the analyses: First, the methods for quantitative trait gene x gene interaction appeared to perform very well, even in families initially ascertained as affected sib pairs; and second, dichotomous trait gene x gene interaction methods failed to produce consistent results. The difficulty of using (primarily) affected sib pair data in a gene x gene interaction analysis is explored. 相似文献