全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1644680篇 |
免费 | 108950篇 |
国内免费 | 2617篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 21555篇 |
儿科学 | 54000篇 |
妇产科学 | 44850篇 |
基础医学 | 230557篇 |
口腔科学 | 41085篇 |
临床医学 | 138458篇 |
内科学 | 322489篇 |
皮肤病学 | 29781篇 |
神经病学 | 133939篇 |
特种医学 | 65160篇 |
外国民族医学 | 379篇 |
外科学 | 257362篇 |
综合类 | 32279篇 |
现状与发展 | 3篇 |
一般理论 | 583篇 |
预防医学 | 128097篇 |
眼科学 | 35637篇 |
药学 | 120471篇 |
2篇 | |
中国医学 | 3416篇 |
肿瘤学 | 96144篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 37310篇 |
2017年 | 29387篇 |
2016年 | 33713篇 |
2015年 | 16140篇 |
2014年 | 22134篇 |
2013年 | 32947篇 |
2012年 | 51707篇 |
2011年 | 69332篇 |
2010年 | 46640篇 |
2009年 | 38053篇 |
2008年 | 67202篇 |
2007年 | 74037篇 |
2006年 | 51155篇 |
2005年 | 53057篇 |
2004年 | 52810篇 |
2003年 | 52557篇 |
2002年 | 49398篇 |
2001年 | 60192篇 |
2000年 | 61582篇 |
1999年 | 52729篇 |
1998年 | 16985篇 |
1997年 | 15296篇 |
1996年 | 15177篇 |
1995年 | 14255篇 |
1994年 | 13513篇 |
1993年 | 12514篇 |
1992年 | 42136篇 |
1991年 | 41513篇 |
1990年 | 40991篇 |
1989年 | 39679篇 |
1988年 | 37110篇 |
1987年 | 36357篇 |
1986年 | 34715篇 |
1985年 | 33196篇 |
1984年 | 25339篇 |
1983年 | 22204篇 |
1982年 | 14092篇 |
1981年 | 12405篇 |
1979年 | 23444篇 |
1978年 | 16821篇 |
1977年 | 14583篇 |
1976年 | 13775篇 |
1975年 | 14805篇 |
1974年 | 17317篇 |
1973年 | 16618篇 |
1972年 | 15699篇 |
1971年 | 14544篇 |
1970年 | 13540篇 |
1969年 | 12979篇 |
1968年 | 12182篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
John Hawk 《Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine》2002,18(3):146-146
992.
993.
Paul Hochstein Ulrich Glatzel Thomas Schmickal Andreas Wentzensen 《Trauma und Berufskrankheit》2002,4(2):s110-s114
The treatment of deep cartilage defects in load-bearing joints is a problem that still has no satisfactory solution. Full-thickness defects of the articular cartilage rarely heal spontaneously, usually leaving damage that can lead to early arthrosis. Techniques currently available for the treatment of chondral defects include abrasion, drilling, micro-fracturing, transplantation of tissue autografts and allografts, and cell transplantation. Osteochondral autograft transplantation is currently the only surgical cartilage repair technique known to lead to the formation of genuine hyaline articular cartilage and its retention at least in the medium term. The Draenert method, in which a water-cooled diamond bone-cutting system is used, is an effective procedure for resurfacing the joints affected by localised cartilaginous defects, even when there is also severe bone loss. Donor-side morbidity can be kept to a minimum by filling the defect caused by harvesting with a press-fit cylinder of cancellous bone covered with periosteum for protection. 相似文献
994.
Christopher G. Acker Richard Flick Ron Shapiro Velma P. Scantlebury Mark L. Jordan Carlos Vivas Arthur Greenberg John P. Johnson 《American journal of transplantation》2002,2(1):57-61
Delayed graft function (DGF) in cadaver kidney transplants is a common problem and is often due to acute tubular necrosis (ATN). DGF in transplants may have a deleterious effect on long-term graft survival. Since thyroid hormone has been shown to hasten recovery from ATN in experimental models, we designed a trial to determine if a defined course of triiodothyronine (T3) would improve the short- or long-term outcome of patients with DGF in cadaveric transplants. A prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, double blind trial of T3 was carried out in patients with DGF in cadaveric renal transplants. End-points were percentage requiring dialysis, percentage recovering function, time to recovery and length of hospital stay. Long-term outcomes were percentage grafts functioning at 1 year and mean serum creatinine at 1 year. Forty-four patients were randomized to receive either T3 or placebo. Three patients were dropped from each group when early biopsies disclosed that DGF was due to rejection. The groups were well matched by age, cold ischemia time of the graft, and percentage reactivity to a random panel of antigens. Baseline thyroid function studies, including T3, reverse T3 (rT3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, were similar between the two groups and typical of 'euthyroid-sick syndrome'. T3 had no effect on percentage requiring dialysis, time to recovery, percentage recovering function, or length of stay. At 1 year follow-up, graft function was similar in both groups and significantly lower than that seen in patients with good initial function. Thyroid hormone, given early in the course of DGF in cadaver kidney recipients, had no effect on the course of DGF. Long-term graft function is impaired in patients who experience post-transplant DGF compared to those who have good initial function. 相似文献
995.
Infantile Digital Fibroma Treated With Mohs Micrographic Surgery 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
John G. Albertini MD Maj USAF MC Michael Jude Welsch MD CPT USA MC Leo A. Conger MD LTC USA MC Lester F. Libow MD COL USA MC Dirk M. Elston MD COL USA MC 《Dermatologic surgery》2002,28(10):959-961
BACKGROUND: Infantile digital fibroma (IDF) is a rare benign fibrous tumor of childhood that frequently recurs despite local excision. Conservative, nonsurgical management may result in regression and/or joint deformity. OBJECTIVE: To describe the histologic features of IDF and discuss a case excised using Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). METHODS: Case report and review of the clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural features. RESULTS: Characteristic inclusion bodies of actin were identified with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and rapid actin immunostain. The tumor was debulked and the majority was removed after one stage of MMS, except where the deep margin approached the joint space. The defect healed by secondary intention. At 2 years the patient had no recurrence or functional joint deformity. CONCLUSION: MMS is a surgical treatment option for IDF. 相似文献
996.
Annemieke Smit-van Oosten Winston W. Bakker Harry van Goor 《Transplant international》2002,15(12):602-609
Ischemic injury plays an important role in chronic renal transplant failure (CRTF). Down-regulation of ecto-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in combination with up-regulation of ecto-5'-nucleotidase is a hallmark of ischemic injury. We studied the expression of renal ecto-5'-nucleotidase and ecto-ATPase in experimental renal transplantation. Fisher 344-to-Lewis allografted rats were either treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or left untreated. Lewis-to-Lewis syngrafted rats served as controls. Untreated allografted rats developed proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, and mild intimal hyperplasia. ACEi completely prevented focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FGS) and proteinuria, but significantly enhanced intimal hyperplasia. Untreated allografted rats revealed marked vascular ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity, which increased with ACEi. Vascular ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity was absent in syngrafted animals. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity correlated well with intimal hyperplasia. Glomerular ecto-ATPase expression was significantly reduced in untreated allografted rats compared to syngrafted rats and correlated well with the extent of FGS. ACEi prevented reduction in glomerular ecto-ATPase. We found de-novo expression of ecto-5'-nucleotidase at sites of renal intimal hyperplasia. Glomerular ecto-ATPase expression was markedly reduced in allografted rats and was prevented by ACEi. These enzyme expression patterns suggest local ischemic damage in experimental CRTF. 相似文献
997.
Dipankar Nandi Helen Smith Sarah Owen Carole Joint John Stein Tipu Aziz 《Journal of clinical neuroscience》2002,9(5):557-561
Central post stroke pain is often difficult to manage satisfactorily with conventional treatment modalities for pain. In the last decade functional neurosurgery has offered hope with motor cortex stimulation achieving significant alleviation of pain in some patients. Unfortunately this has led to the neglect of chronic stimulation of deep grey matter as another modality of treating this condition. In this article we present our experience with motor cortex stimulation and that with deep grey matter stimulation in patients with post stroke pain. We argue that both modalities have a significant role and that what is required are better methods of identifying particular patients who are more likely to respond to one or the other. 相似文献
998.
Psychiatric Quarterly - 相似文献
999.
M Hansrani K Overbeck J Smout G Stansby 《European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery》2002,24(5):377-382
INTRODUCTION: Intravascular brachytherapy (IVBT) utilises the percutaneous insertion of a radioactive source to inhibit myointimal hyperplasia in arteries treated by balloon angioplasty or stenting. A systematic review was performed of trials of IVBT in patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD). METHODS: Search strategy - the reviewers searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Peripheral Vascular Diseases Group trials register, DARE, CCT and NHS EED for clinical studies and trials of adjuvant IVBT in PAD. Two reviewers assessed trial quality independently. RESULTS: Fourteen clinical trials were identified by the search, representing five clinical studies (all allocated D for not randomised) and one randomised controlled trial (allocated A). The randomised trial showed a benefit for IVBT compared with placebo (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.24-0.53). In the non-randomised studies, 12 month cumulative patency rates ranged from 60-87%. There were few technical complications. In the only report involving IVBT and routine concurrent stent insertion acute thrombosis occurred in 7 (21%) of patients. CONCLUSION: Early reports have confirmed the safety and technical feasibility of IVBT. However, follow-up is too short at present to assess the durability and long-term complications of this new therapeutic option. 相似文献
1000.
Effects of antimicrobial agents on spontaneous and endotoxin-induced cytokine release of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
U. Krehmeier M. Bardenheuer G. Voggenreiter U. Obertacke F. U. Schade M. Majetschak 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2002,8(2):194-197
Because the immunomodulatory effects of antibiotics could possibly influence the degree of the systemic and local response
to infection, knowledge of their intrinsic influence on the host's inflammatory response appears to be essential. Therefore,
this study investigated the effects of frequently used antimicrobial agents (β-lactams, quinolones gentamicin, vancomycin
and metronidazole) on the in-vitro tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 production of isolated human peripheral
blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC), cultured with or without endotoxin, in comparison with those effects obtained in a whole-blood
assay system. In the presence of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamicin, vancomycin, and metronidazole, a significant inhibition
of the endotoxin-stimulated TNF-α production of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) was found at therapeutic
levels. Only ofloxacin showed a significant inhibitory influence on the endotoxin-induced IL-6 production of PBMNC. In the
whole-blood assay, significant effects were not detectable. None of the antibiotics showed cytotoxicity. It is concluded that,
at present, the direct immunological effects of antibiotics should be interpreted carefully with regard to the experimental
conditions, and regardless of the therapeutic implications. To assess the potential direct immunomodulatory effect of antimicrobial
agents, different cell culture procedures should be used.
Received: October 19, 2001 / Accepted: February 15, 2002 相似文献