Effects of outlet obstruction on glucose metabolism of the rabbit urinary bladder

Bladder outlet obstruction has been shown to cause detrusor contractile dysfunction. To determine if alterations in bladder metabolism may in part underlie these functional defects, we investigated the effects of mild outlet obstruction on the glucose metabolism of the rabbit urinary bladder. Mild outlet obstruction was created in mature male rabbits by the surgical placement of a silicon sleeve around the bladder neck. Two weeks after surgery, the in vitro ability of the obstructed bladder tissues to metabolize glucose was compared to that of the controls. The results can be summarized as follows: 1) The bladder wet weight increased 2.3-fold following two weeks of obstruction. 2) Obstructed bladder tissues had a reduced glucose consumption as compared to the controls. 3) CO2 generation was significantly reduced by 31% in obstructed bladder tissues whereas lactate formation increased significantly by 22%. 4) Tissue concentrations of ATP, creatine phosphate, and glycogen before incubation showed no significant differences between control and obstructed bladder tissues. In summary, bladder tissues following two weeks obstruction showed a decrease in aerobic metabolism and an increase in anaerobic metabolism. Previous studies have indicated that the ability of the bladder to maintain a contraction and empty may be directly related to aerobic metabolism. Therefore, the decrease in aerobic metabolism (even in the presence of increased anaerobic metabolism) may in part explain the decreased ability of the obstructed bladder to empty.     

炎痛喜康控释片在人体内的药动学研究

本文应用高效液相色谱法测定了8名健康受试者自身交叉服用炎痛喜康普通片与控释片(分别服用单剂量20mg)后的血药浓度。用非线性最小二乘模型嵌合的计算机程序对数据进行处理,表明该药在体内为一室模型,并求得各项参数如下:普通片,k_a=1.568h~(-1),k=0.0191h~(-1),V=7.9201,t_(max)=4.4h,C_(max)=2.502μg/ml,AUC=150.04h·μg/ml;控释片,ka=0.185h~(-1),k=0.0223h~(-1),V=7.3561,t_(max)=15.3h,C_(max)=2.048μg/ml,AUC=129.63h·μg/ml.     

儿童感觉统合失调及其影响因素的调查分析

目的 研究儿童感觉统合失调与学习障碍及环境因素的关系。方法 采用感觉统合评定量表和学习障碍(PRS)筛查量表，分别对755名学龄儿童进行检测、分析。结果 感觉统合严重失调率为13．25％；感觉统合正常与失调儿童的学习障碍有统计学差异(P＜0．005)；其中在LD儿童中感觉统合失调率占63．51％；感觉统合失调与母孕期的情绪、是否足月顺产、出生后的喂养方式、居住环境、孩子1岁内有无高热、家长对孩子的态度及期待等因素有关(P＜0．05)。结论 儿童感觉统合失调与环境因素、学习障碍有一定的关系。     

化疗对淋巴瘤伴乙肝病毒感染患者肝功能影响的回顾性分析

目的研究化疗对淋巴瘤伴乙肝病毒感染患者肝功能的影响。方法回顾性病例分析，比较50例HBsAg（-）、20例HBsAg（＋）和18例小三阳的恶性淋巴瘤患者化疗后肝功能变化情况。结果HBsAg（-）组、HBsAg（＋）组和小三阳组化疗后Ⅲ级以上肝功能损害分别是0％、15％、55％。结论伴乙肝病毒感染的淋巴瘤患者化疗后肝功能损害明显，尤其小三阳患者损害更为严重，甚至死亡。     

脑卒中与继发性癫癎

目的:探讨首发脑卒中患者继发性癫癎的发病率、发病时间与脑卒中病变部位的关系。方法:回顾性分析经我院近3年来治疗的659例首发脑卒中住院患者的临床资料。结果:首发脑卒中患者继发癫癎发生率为8.19%(54/659)。癫癎发作与卒中病变部位有关,累及皮层或邻近皮层者易继发癫癎(53.33%,24/45)。54例继发癫癎中68.52%为早发性癫癎(起病后2周内),余31.48%为晚发性癫癎(起病2周以后)。以脑出血继发早发性癫癎为主(81.25%,13/16);脑梗死则易发生晚发性癫癎(60.00%,12/20)。结论:分析首发卒中后癫癎的发病特点有助于指导临床治疗。     

组织移植与再植术后局部观察记录单的应用

目的 预防局部血循环危象的发生.方法 根据创伤显微外科术后观察指标及术后护理要求,确定观察的重点项目及程度分类,设计观察表.结果 此记录单内容真实、客观,全面反映了病人局部血循环的动态变化.结论 采用组织移植与再植术后局部观察记录单可以做到及时观察,及时记录,早期发现问题,从而做出准确判断,对提高医护质量、预防局部血循环危象有着重要意义.     

中枢性神经细胞瘤：17例临床病理分析

背景与目的：中枢性神经瘤是少见的中枢神经系统肿瘤。为了提高对该病的认识、减少误诊率．我们结合文献复习，对患者的临床症状、影像学、病理改变及预后进行了研究讨论。方法：复习中国人民解放军总医院1970-2000年收治的中枢性神经瘤病例共17例，对患者的临床症状、影像学、病理改变及预后进行了回顾性研究。结果：中枢性神经细胞瘤发病率占同期原发性中枢神经系统肿瘤的0．14％。患者男10例，女7例．年龄从11岁-51岁不等，平均年龄32．7岁。肿瘤均位于脑室系统，7例位于透明隔位于侧脑室及三脑室者各5例。手术全部切除7例，部分切除10例，术后放疗者9例。9例进行了长期随访无复发迹象。另外，17例行免疫组化及2例行电镜检查，显示肿瘤呈神经元分化，仅4例局部表达GFAP；所有病例均无恶性组织学迹象，4例已做Ki-67免疫组化的阳性细胞〈2％。结论：综合上述及结合文献我们认为大多数中枢性神经细胞瘤是预后良好的肿瘤，部分预后较差，增加GFAP的阳性表达、细胞增殖指数的增加以及血管的增生可能提示较差的预后。手术切除为治疗该肿瘤的较好方法。对部分切除的病例、组织学呈间变改变的病例（细胞的异形性、核分裂像增加、血管内皮细胞增生及坏死）以及增殖指数增加者应辅以放疗。     

稀释氧合血停跳液灌注在心内直视手术中的应用

目的以68例复杂性心内直视手术的病人为研究对象,比较4∶1含血停跳液和冷晶体停跳液在心内直视手术中的心肌保护作用,评价体外循环期间含血停跳液间断灌注的心肌保护价值。方法在68例心内直视手术中分别采用含血停跳液灌注(Ⅰ组)和冷晶体停跳液灌注(Ⅱ组),每组各34例进行心肌保护临床观察。Ⅰ组先用高钾4∶1混血停跳液灌注心脏停跳,以后每隔20～30min用低钾含血停跳液灌注一次。Ⅱ组为应用4℃冷晶体心脏停跳液灌注,每隔20min灌注一次。结果Ⅰ组心脏自动复跳率(94%)明显高于Ⅱ组(76.4%)。术后心低排发生率,Ⅰ组(8.8%)明显低于Ⅱ组(17.6%)。结论4∶1含血心脏停跳液较晶体停跳液具有更好的心肌保护作用。     

新型壳聚糖对血浆胆红素和细胞因子吸附性能的体外筛选初步研究

目的观察各类新型吸附剂对重型肝炎患者血浆中的胆红素和细胞因子的吸附性能。方法第一步,收集第一组重型肝炎患者的血浆各3ml,以8种不同的吸附剂(1#～3#为致孔剂浓度分别为3%、1%、5%的壳聚糖,4#为胺基化壳聚糖,5#为苯乙烯/二乙烯苯聚合物,6#为后交连苯乙烯/二乙烯苯聚合物,7#为壳聚糖-苯乙烯/二乙烯苯聚合物,8#为壳聚糖-后交连苯乙烯/二乙烯苯聚合物)各1ml进行吸附,检测对胆红素的吸附能力,做吸附剂筛选实验和吸附实验。第二步,用以上筛选出吸附率较好的两种吸附剂各1ml对第二组患者血浆(各3ml)进行胆红素和细胞因子的吸附实验。结果第一步实验显示胺基壳聚糖(4#)和苯乙烯/二乙烯苯聚合物(5#)有较好的吸附效果,4#吸附剂对总胆红素(TBiL)、直接胆红素(DBiL)、间接胆红素(IBiL)的吸附率分别为50.5%±3.4%、57.0%±11.3%、39.0%±7.2%;5#分别为30.1%±2.5%、32.6%±3.0%、27.6%±2.9%。第二步实验显示4#胺基化壳聚糖吸附后血浆中TBiL、DBiL、IBiL、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平下降比5#明显,有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论胺基化壳聚糖(4#)体外吸附重型肝炎患者血浆中胆红素、细胞因子效果有明显优势。     

Fluorescence immunohistochemistry and confocal scanning laser microscopy

We have developed a reliable technique for labeling and examining neural structures in soft tissues associated with articular joints and have tested it in human wrist joints under various specimen-related conditions. The labeling protocol employs an immunohistochemical process with a panneuronal marker (PGP 9.5) as the primary antibody and Alexa Fluor 488 as the fluorescing secondary antibody. Imaging was done using a confocal laser scanning microscope, which produced exceptionally detailed three-dimensional images of nerve endings and transiting nerve fibers from thick sections of wrist joint ligaments obtained from human cadavers. The protocol provided a practical postmortem window for specimen acquisition and processing without significant apparent worsening of image quality. The images produced are resistant to fading with repeated exposure to a fluorescent light source, which gives many opportunities for observation. Background staining is minimal, producing high contrast labeling of target tissues, which, in turn, enhances image analysis.