Generation and Regulation of CD8＋ Regulatory T Cells

Research into the suppressive activity of CD4＋FoxP3＋ T regulatory cells （Treg） has defined a sublineage of CD4＋ cells that contribute to self-tolerance and resistance to autoimmune disease. Much less attention has been given to the potential contribution of regulatory sublineages of CD8＋ cells. Analysis of a small fraction of CD8＋ cells that target autoreactive CD4＋ cells through recognition of the MHC class Ib molecule Qa-1 in mouse and HLA-E in human has revitalized interest in CD8＋ Treg. Here we summarize recent progress and future directions of research into the role of this CD8＋ sublineage in resistance to autoimmune disease. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2008; 5（6）：401-406.     

遗传算法在256阵元相控阵高强度聚焦超声治疗系统多焦点控制中的应用

阐述了遗传算法优化多点超声聚焦的方法以及球面相控阵声场计算方法。对实验室研发的256阵元相控阵聚焦超声治疗系统作了简介。利用此遗传算法和声场计算方法，对轴上和离轴单焦点以及轴对称六焦点和非轴对称四焦点进行了256阵元相控阵的声场仿真，并观察了实验室研发的256阵元相控阵聚焦超声治疗系统作用于有机玻璃和透明仿体的实验结果。用遗传算法和声场计算方法的仿真和系统实验结果表明，此方法可在实际聚焦手术中准确地控制3维单焦点和3维多焦点。     

Novel protein microarray for the detection of avian influenza virus antibodies and simultaneous distinction of antibodies against H5 and H7 subtypes

ABSTRACT

Avian influenza virus (AIV) can cause serious zoonotic disease, thereby threatening the poultry industry and human health. An efficient and rapid detection approach is crucial to prevent and control the spread of avian influenza. In this study, a novel protein microarray was developed. Haemagglutinin proteins of H5 and H7 subtypes and nucleoprotein (NP) were purified and spotted onto the initiator-integrated poly-(dimethylsiloxane) as antigens. Monoclonal antibodies with inhibition effect were screened and utilized for the synchronous detection of three avian influenza antibodies in different species. In the protein microarray, the cut-off values were 40%, 50% and 30% inhibition for H5 antibody detection; 50%, 50% and 20% for NP antibody detection; 40%, 50% and 40% for H7 antibody detection in chicken, peacock and duck sera, respectively. The 95 serum samples were detected by microarray, and results were compared with the findings of AIV antibody test enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. NP antibody detection in the microarray showed 100% (55/55) agreement ratio in chicken using ELISA. Compared with HI, H5 antibody detection in the microarray showed 100% (95/95) agreement ratio in chicken, peacock and duck, whilst those of H7 displayed 98.18% (54/55) agreement in chicken, 100% (20/20) in peacock and 90% (18/20) in duck. In conclusion, this novel protein microarray is a high-throughput and specific method for the detection of AIV antibodies and simultaneous distinction of antibodies against H5 and H7 subtypes. It can be applied to the serological diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of AIV.

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

• A novel protein microarray method has been developed.

• The microarray can detect AIV antibodies and distinguish between H5 and H7 subtypes.

• The study lays the foundation for simultaneous identification of multiple pathogens.

     

HLA-DR、DQ等位基因与精神分裂症相关性的研究

目的 证明HLA-DR、DQ等位基因与精神分裂症的发病密切相关。方法 HLA-DR、DQ等位基因检测：PCR-SSP分型。结果 发现在大连地区随机选择的精神分裂症患者的HLA-DQ8基因的频率(9．0％)明显高于正常对照(2．5％)。精神分裂症患者的HLA-DR、DQ等位基因的某些位点与免疫指标的改变有相关性。结论 ①HLA-DQ8基因与精神分裂症有关联，可以认为HLA-DQ8基因可能是精神分裂症的易感基因。②HLA-DR、DQ等位基因的某些组合可能是精神分裂症发病的危险组合模式，对预测精神分裂症的基因易感性具有潜在的应用价值。③精神分裂症的免疫指标的改变与HLA-DR、DQ等位基因的某些位点有相关性，说明精神分裂症与它的免疫指标的变化可能有内在的联系。     

肝癌特异性超抗原SEA(D227A)基因表达载体的构建与表达

目的：构建受AFP顺式作用元件调控的超抗原表达载体，将SEA(D227A)特异性的表达于AFP阳性肝癌细胞膜表面。方法：PCR扩增AFP基因启动子、增强子、linker—CD80tm和SEA(D227A)。将上述片断插入逆转录病毒载体pLXSN的多克隆位点，构建AFP基因顺式作用元件调控的肝癌特异性减毒超抗原表达载体(pLXSN SEA(D227A)—linker—CD80tm)。通过脂质体介导，以表达载体转染表达或不表达AFP的肿瘤细胞系，用RT—PCR和间接免疫荧光染色，检测SEA的表达。结果：成功地将AFP基因的启动子、增强子、linker—CD80tm和SEA(D227A)克隆到逆转录病毒载体pLXSN的多克隆位点，酶切鉴定和DNA序列分析无误，RT—PCR和间接免疫荧光法检测证实，SEA(D227A)能在AFP阳性的肝癌细胞膜特异性表达。结论：AFP顺式作用元件修饰的超抗原表达载体的构建，为下一步用其强化肝癌的免疫治疗奠定了基础。     

原发性开角型青光眼与高血压的关系

目的 探讨原发性开角型青光眼与高血压病的关系．方法 随机选择确诊原发性开角型青光眼50例，高血压病50例，观察眼压、血压、视乳头C／D比，视野，归纳总结．结果 50例原发性开角型青光眼中，血压高者25例(50％)．50例高血压病中，眼压高者38例(76％)，视野损害40例(80％)，光敏度下降35例(70％)，中心暗点25例(50％)，周边视野缩小17例(34％)，生理盲点扩大17例(34％)．结论 原发性开角型青光眼与高血压病有极大关联．     

高脂高胆固醇饮食对apoE-/-/LDLR-/-/Leprdb/db小鼠肝组织基因表达差异的影响

目的：研究高脂高胆固醇饮食对三基因突变(apoE-/-/LDLR-/-/Leprdb/db)小鼠肝脏基因表达的影响, 分析这些差异表达基因与血脂代谢紊乱和动脉粥样硬化（AS）的关系。 方法： 利用cDNA表达谱芯片检测普通饮食和高脂高胆固醇饮食喂养的三基因突变小鼠肝脏基因表达差异;分别用COD-PAP,GPO-PAP法测定血浆总胆固醇（TC）和甘油三酯（TG）浓度;并观察了主动脉形态变化。 结果： 在被测的4 000条基因中，高脂高胆固醇饮食组较普通饮食组小鼠上调基因为78条，下调114条，包括脂代谢、糖代谢、细胞骨架蛋白和免疫与炎症等相关基因。高脂高胆固醇饮食组血浆TC和TG水平均高出普通饮食组。5周龄时，两组小鼠均有主动脉内膜损伤，而高脂高胆固醇饮食组重于普通饮食组，并随年龄增长而加重。 结论： 高脂高胆固醇饮食对三基因突变小鼠血脂代谢紊乱乃至AS的发生发展有明显促进作用。     

Triglycidylamine crosslinking of porcine aortic valve cusps or bovine pericardium results in improved biocompatibility, biomechanics, and calcification resistance: chemical and biological mechanisms

We investigated a novel polyepoxide crosslinker that was hypothesized to confer both material stabilization and calcification resistance when used to prepare bioprosthetic heart valves. Triglycidylamine (TGA) was synthesized via reacting epichlorhydrin and NH(3). TGA was used to crosslink porcine aortic cusps, bovine pericardium, and type I collagen. Control materials were crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (Glut). TGA-pretreated materials had shrink temperatures comparable to Glut fixation. However, TGA crosslinking conferred significantly greater collagenase resistance than Glut pretreatment, and significantly improved biomechanical compliance. Sheep aortic valve interstitial cells grown on TGA-pretreated collagen did not calcify, whereas sheep aortic valve interstitial cells grown on control substrates calcified extensively. Rat subdermal implants (porcine aortic cusps/bovine pericardium) pretreated with TGA demonstrated significantly less calcification than Glut pretreated implants. Investigations of extracellular matrix proteins associated with calcification, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9, tenascin-C, and osteopontin, revealed that MMP-9 and tenascin-C demonstrated reduced expression both in vitro and in vivo with TGA crosslinking compared to controls, whereas osteopontin and MMP-2 expression were not affected. TGA pretreatment of heterograft biomaterials results in improved stability compared to Glut, confers biomechanical properties superior to Glut crosslinking, and demonstrates significant calcification resistance.     

在义务兵征兵体检中应用PHI和16PF的研究

目的　探讨 PHI和 1 6PF量表在义务征兵体验中的应用。方法　用 PHI和 1 6PF量表评定参加征兵体检并初检合格的应征青年 5 44人 ,分析应用 PHI和 1 6PF量表的可靠性 ,以量表 T分作评判依据 ,比较以国内常模及组内常模进行选拔的效果。结果　PHI与 1 6PF的相关性较好 ,但在项目上具有一定的重叠 ;以国内常模筛选 PHI的检出率相当低 ,而1 6PF则检出率过高 ,筛选有效率均低 ;应用组内的均数、标准差来计算 T分 ,以此 T分进行筛选效果较好。结论　PHI与1 6PF量表可以应用于征兵体检中 ,用组内常模进行选拔效果更好 ,正式推出尚需修订