Artikulationsfähigkeit und Verständlichkeit der Sprache bei Patienten mit Mundhöhlenkarzinomen Ein Vergleich prä- und postoperativer Ergebnisse bei verschiedenen Rekonstruktionstechniken*

Zusammenfassung B?sartige Tumoren der Mundh?hle machen h?ufig ausgedehnte Resektionen zur radikalen Entfernung im Gesunden notwendig. Sofern nicht schon pr?operativ vorhanden, treten postoperativ Schluck- und Artikulationsst?rungen auf, wobei die Kommunikation ganz erheblich beeintr?chtigt sein kann. Neben dem Umfang der erforderlichen Geweberesektionen tragen auch die jeweiligen Rekonstruktionstechniken in unterschiedlicher Weise zu postoperativen funktionellen Beeintr?chtigungen bei. Mit der vorliegenden prospektiven intraindividuellen Studie wurde die pr?- und postoperative Verst?ndlichkeit von Sprache anhand eines inversen Freiburger Sprachverst?ndnistests (Tonbandaufnahmen von Worten aus dem Freiburger Sprachverst?ndnistest) durch Experten und Laien beurteilt. Es zeigte sich, da? insbesondere bei T3- und T4-Tumoren s-Laute sowie Plosive bereits pr?operativ besonders beeintr?chtigt waren. Lokale Defektdeckungen beeintr?chtigten die Artikulation am geringsten (Wortverst?ndlichkeit der T3- und T4-Tumoren bei Experten/Laien –5,0±–3,8%). Dünndarmtransplantate (–27,9±–35,1%) und myo- oder fasziokutane Transplantate (–34,2±–48,1%) zeigten postoperativ eine viel st?rkere Beeintr?chtigung der Wortverst?ndlichkeit. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit einer kompetenten phoniatrisch-p?daudiologischen Untersuchung der betroffenen Patienten, einer pr?operativen Aufkl?rung über eine m?gliche Verschlechterung des Sprechens sowie einer zielgerichteten Sprachübungstherapie. Eingegangen am 22. April 1996 Angenommen am 3. Juni 1996     

MR spectroscopy of liver in overweight children and adolescents: investigation of ¹H T₂ relaxation times at 3T

Objective

The objective was to investigate T₂ relaxation values and to optimize hepatic fat quantification using proton MR spectroscopy (¹H MRS) at 3 T in overweight and obese children and adolescents.

Subjects

The study included 123 consecutive children and adolescents with a body mass index above the 97th percentile according to age and sex.¹H MR spectroscopy was performed at 3.0 T using point resolved spectroscopy sequence with series TE. T₂ relaxation values and hepatic fat content corrected for the T₂ relaxation effects were calculated.

Results

T₂ values for water ranged from 22 ms to 42 ms (mean value 28 ms) and T₂ values for fat ranged from 36 ms to 99 ms (mean value 64 ms).Poor correlation was observed: (1) between T₂ relaxation times of fat and T₂ relaxation times of water (correlation coefficient r = 0.038, P = 0.79); (2) between T₂ relaxation times of fat and fat content (r = 0.057, P = 0.69); (3) between T₂ relaxation times of water and fat content (r = 0.160, P = 0.26).Correlation between fat peak content and the T₂ corrected fat content decreased with increasing echo time TE: r = 0.97 for TE = 45, r = 0.93 for TE = 75, r = 0.89 for TE = 105, P < 0.0001.

Conclusion

¹H MRS at 3 T is an effective technique for measuring hepatic fat content in overweight and obese children and adolescents. It is necessary to measure T₂ relaxation values and to correct the spectra for the T₂ relaxation effects in order to obtain an accurate estimate of the hepatic fat content.     

From bench to bedside: successful translational nanomedicine: highlights of the Third Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Nanomedicine

The Third Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Nanomedicine (AANM) was held at the University of California San Diego, in San Diego, California during September 7-8, 2007. The meeting was focused on successful translational nanomedicine: from bench to bedside. There were four keynote lectures and eight scientific symposiums in this meeting. The researchers and investigators reported the results and process of current nanomedicine research and approaches to clinical applications. The meeting provided exciting information for nanomedicine clinical-related researches and strategy for further development of nanomedicine research which will be benefits to clinical practice.     

Factors Associated with Increased Risk of Recurrence following Treatment of Trigger Finger with Corticosteroid Injection

Introduction  The aim of the study was to estimate recurrence rates, time to recurrence, and predisposing factors for recurrence of trigger finger when treated with corticosteroid (CS) injection as primary treatment. Materials and Methods  In a retrospective chart review, we identified primary trigger fingers treated with CS injection as primary treatment. Affected hand and finger, recurrence, time to recurrence, duration of symptoms, secondary treatment type, and comorbidities were recorded. A total of 539 patients were included with a mean follow-up of 47.6 months Results  In total, 330/539 (61%) recurrences were registered. Mean time to recurrence was 312 days. Increased risk of recurrence was seen after treatment of the third finger (relative risk [RR]: 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.39). Several comorbidities were associated with increased risk of recurrence: carpal tunnel syndrome (RR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.07–1.52), thyroid disease (RR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.15–1.83), or shoulder diseases (RR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.36–1.83). Conclusion  We found a recurrence rate after primary treatment of CS injection for trigger finger of 61%. Most recurrences happened within 2 years and we found treatment of third finger, carpal tunnel syndrome, shoulder, or thyroid disease to be associated with an increased risk of recurrence of symptoms.     

Human Herpesvirus 8--the First Human Rhadinovirus

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus, also known as humanherpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), is the first known human member of thegenus Rhadinovirus. It is regularly found by polymerase chainreaction in all forms of KS, in certain types of Castleman'sdisease, and in body cavity-based B-cell lymphoma. Other membersof this virus group occur in nonhuman primates, ungulates, rabbits,and mice and cause in part fulminant lymphomas and other neoplasticdisorders of the hematopoietic system. Rhadinoviruses sharea typical genome structure; most characteristically, they containnumerous sequences that appear to be sequestered from cellularDNA. We cloned and sequenced almost the complete genome of HHV-8from a single KS biopsy specimen. Although this procedure revealed collinearorganization and extensive homologies with the open readingframes of herpesvirus saimiri, genes with homology to the knownoncoproteins (Stp, Tip) were not identified in the HHV-8 genome.However, HHV-8 reading frame K1, the positional analogue ofStp/Tip, was found to be significantly variable between differentstrains. We found, in addition, the reading frames for homologuesof cellular interleukin 6, macrophage inflammatory proteins and ß (MIP1 and MIP1ß, respectively), an interferon-responsivefactor, and two inhibitors of apoptosis. Several of these cell-homologousgenes of HHV-8 have already been shown to code for functionalproteins.     

Association Between Childhood Green Space,Genetic Liability,and the Incidence of Schizophrenia

Childhood exposure to green space has previously been associated with lower risk of developing schizophrenia later in life. It is unclear whether this association is mediated by genetic liability or whether the 2 risk factors work additively. Here, we investigate possible gene–environment associations with the hazard ratio (HR) of schizophrenia by combining (1) an estimate of childhood exposure to residential-level green space based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from Landsat satellite images, with (2) genetic liability estimates based on polygenic risk scores for 19 746 genotyped individuals from the Danish iPSYCH sample. We used information from the Danish registers of health, residential address, and socioeconomic status to adjust HR estimates for established confounders, ie, parents’ socioeconomic status, and family history of mental illness. The adjusted HRs show that growing up surrounded by the highest compared to the lowest decile of NDVI was associated with a 0.52-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40 to 0.66) lower schizophrenia risk, and children with the highest polygenic risk score had a 1.24-fold (95% CI: 1.18 to 1.30) higher schizophrenia risk. We found that NDVI explained 1.45% (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.90) of the variance on the liability scale, while polygenic risk score for schizophrenia explained 1.01% (95% CI: 0.77 to 1.46). Together they explained 2.40% (95% CI: 1.99 to 3.07) with no indication of a gene–environment interaction (P = .29). Our results suggest that risk of schizophrenia is associated additively with green space exposure and genetic liability, and provide no support for an environment-gene interaction between NDVI and schizophrenia.