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971.
972.
Hepatitis C reinfection with protease inhibitor‐resistant hepatitis C virus in an HIV‐coinfected MSM
Gül R. Yilmaz Christoph Boesecke Carolynne Schwarze‐Zander Jürgen K. Rockstroh 《Liver international》2020,40(1):47-50
There is an ongoing global hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic mainly related to high‐risk behaviour in persons who inject drugs (PWID) and in HIV‐infected men who have sex with men (MSM) which continues to fuel the HCV epidemic. Treatment of HCV infection with direct antiviral therapy (DAA) has been very successful in the last decade. Main obstacles for HCV elimination are HCV reinfections observed in PWID and HIV‐infected MSM. We present here an HIV‐infected MSM patient who has been reinfected thrice with HCV. The virus which was investigated from his last reinfection episode reveals transmission of a newly acquired HCV protease inhibitor (PI) resistance, despite not having been exposed to HCV‐PIs during his last DAA therapy. 相似文献
973.
Ramiro A. Snchez Jos Boggia Ernesto Peaherrera Weimar Sebba Barroso Eduardo Barbosa Raúl Villar Leonardo Cobos Rafael Hernndez Hernndez Jesús Lopez Jos Andrs Octavio Jos Z. Parra Carrillo Agustín J. Ramírez Gianfranco Parati 《Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)》2020,22(4):527-543
Accurate office blood pressure measurement remains crucial in the diagnosis and management of hypertension worldwide, including Latin America (LA). Office blood pressure (OBP) measurement is still the leading technique in LA for screening and diagnosis of hypertension, monitoring of treatment, and long‐term follow‐up. Despite this, due to the increasing awareness of the limitations affecting OBP and to the accumulating evidence on the importance of ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), as a complement of OBP in the clinical approach to the hypertensive patient, a progressively greater attention has been paid worldwide to the information on daytime and nighttime BP patterns offered by 24‐h ABPM in the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic management of hypertension. In LA countries, most of the Scientific Societies of Hypertension and/or Cardiology have issued guidelines for hypertension care, and most of them include a special section on ABPM. Also, full guidelines on ABPM are available. However, despite the available evidence on the advantages of ABPM for the diagnosis and management of hypertension in LA, availability of ABPM is often restricted to cities with large population, and access to this technology by lower‐income patients is sometimes limited by its excessive cost. The authors hope that this document might stimulate health authorities in each LA Country, as well as in other countries in the world, to regulate ABPM access and to widen the range of patients able to access the benefits of this technique. 相似文献
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976.
Objectives
Like cross-cultural studies, research on ancient medical writings allows psychiatrists to identify constant and variable expressions of mental disorders; this may in turn allow discrimination between pathogenesis mainly of a biological nature and that mainly of a socio-cultural nature. However, the study of these writings presents many problems which require the development of specific and rigorous research methodologies. In particular, close attention is needed for the identification and characterization of mental disorders, a process which is usually referred to as “retrospective diagnosis”. This paper tackles the difficult problem of retrospective diagnosis and pathological categorization of mental disorders described in historical medical writings and proposes a pragmatic and operational approach to these issues.Patients and methods
We propose going beyond the simplistic contraposition of essentialist and constructivist approaches to mental disorders. First, history research questions involving individual diagnosis, either to ascertain whether a given disease or nosological entity is present in a given historical population (situations A1) or to understand a behavior of an individual or group in a given historical context (situations A2), should be distinguished from questions in which the health of a population or a subgroup is of interest (situations B). Situations of type (A1) require the use of all medical knowledge to make a tentative retrospective diagnosis; situations of type (A2) require considering retrolective diagnoses which could have been made at the time the disorder was managed/reported; and situations of type (B) require using robust pathological categorizations and classifications like those used in contemporary epidemiology to allow comparisons between populations. This conceptual and methodological framework was applied to the study a corpus of more than 2000 reports of consultations of French physicians, written during 16th–18th centuries. Retrospective diagnosis was attempted by a group of psychiatrists and historians on the basis of DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for common mental disorders.Results
Mental disorders accounted for nearly 4% of the medical conditions dealt with in the consultations; there was no trend for change during the study period. Minor mental disorders, such as depressive, anxiety and somatoform disorders were the most frequent. Serious conditions, characterized by symptoms corresponding to the contemporary categories of bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia, were also suggested.Conclusions
This study evidences the presence, in the early modern French population, of many mental disorders fitting into the categories of contemporary psychiatric nosology. It also demonstrates the feasibility of pathological categorization, and in some cases retrospective diagnosis, of mental disorders described in historical medical writings. These findings have implications for historical research in psychiatry. 相似文献977.
978.
Ömer Yanartaş Hülya Akar Özmen Serhat Çıtak Selma Bozkurt Zincir Esra Aydın Sünbül 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2014
The relatively high prevalence of the diagnosis of dissociative disorder not otherwise specified is frequently considered to be disproportionate. The disproportionate rate of this diagnosis is thought to be related to nosologic and/or diagnostic issues in dissociative identity disorder. We sought to investigate and compare the symptom patterns of these two clinical entities. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 1314 participants who were screened with the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES) and the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ). Of the participants, 272 who scored above the cut-off points for the screening questionnaires (DES score > 30 and/or SDQ score > 40 points) were invited to complete a structured interview using the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule (DDIS); of this subsample, only 190 participants agreed to participate in the second phase of the study. The mean score for the DES was 18.55 ± 17.23, and the mean score for the SDQ was 30.19 ± 13.32. Of the 190 participants, 167 patients were diagnosed as having a dissociative disorder (87.8%). We found that DD-NOS was the most prevalent category of dissociative disorder. 相似文献
979.
Ömer Şenormancı Özge Saraçlı Nuray Atasoy Güliz Şenormancı Fürüzan Koktürk Levent Atik 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2014
Background
The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of dysfunctional attitudes, self-esteem, personality, and depression with Internet addiction in university students.Methods
A total of 720 university students participated in the study in Bülent Ecevit University English Preparatory School which offers intensive English courses. Students were evaluated with a sociodemographic data form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale form A (DAS-A), Internet Addiction Scale (IAS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised/Abbreviated Form (EPQR-A).Results
The results indicated that 52 (7.2%) of the students had Internet addiction. There were 37 (71.2%) men, 15 (28.8%) women in the addicted group. While the addicted groups' BDI, DAS-A perfectionistic attitude, need for approval, RSES, EPQR-A neuroticism, and psychoticism scores were significantly higher, EPQR-A lie scores were significantly lower than those of the non addicted group. According to the multiple binary logistic regression analysis, being male, duration of Internet usage, depression, and perfectionistic attitude have been found as predictors for Internet addiction. It has been found that perfectionistic attitude is a predictor for Internet addiction even when depression, sex, duration of Internet were controlled.Conclusions
To the knowledge of the researchers, this study is the first study to show the dysfunctional attitudes in Internet addiction. It can be important to evaluate dysfunctional attitudes, personality, self-esteem and depression in people with Internet addiction. These variables should be targeted for effective treatment of people with Internet addiction in cognitive behavioral therapy. 相似文献980.
Osman Turak Uğur Canpolat Fırat Özcan Çağrı Yayla Mehmet Ali Mendi Fatih Öksüz Duran Tok Derya Tok Kumral Çağlı Zehra Gölbaşı 《Thrombosis research》2014