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21.
In the present study, the risk of exposure to aflatoxin in infants fed breast milk and formula was investigated. For this purpose, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was determined in the serum of both breast-fed and formula-fed infants. Serum AFB1 positivity was significantly higher in the formula-feeding (F) group than the breast-feeding (B) group (42.8 vs 8.5%, P <0.01). The AFB, concentration in different commercial formulas was also determined. Aflatoxin B1 was found in seven of the eight newly opened packages of different brands of formula. The concentrations showed a statistically significant increase at the 30th day after opening the packages (P <0.01). Although AFB1 concentrations in the formulas were found to be within acceptable limits for most countries, still, its existence must be carefully evaluated because future influences of very small amounts of aflatoxin on the growing organism have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, it was again concluded that for infants, human milk is safer than commercial formulas because of the lower contamination risk of aflatoxin. Also, commercial formulas must be regularly examined by authorities for the possible risk of aflatoxin contamination. 相似文献
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Gamete donation in assisted reproduction is an accepted treatment option
for certain infertile couples. Traditionally, men donating spermatozoa have
been paid a nominal fee, whilst women donating oocytes have not. The issue
of payment for sperm donors has recently attracted attention following the
Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority's (HFEA) suggestion that such
payment may be withdrawn. Prior to the final meeting of the HFEA working
party which is examining this issue, here we report the results of a survey
designed to solicit opinion on whether sperm donors should be paid, to
identify social or other factors which influence this opinion, and to
examine the influence of financial incentive on potential donors. We
surveyed 717 individuals in three distinct groups: the general public,
students (potential donors), and infertility patients (potential
recipients). The majority of the potential donor group (students) was in
favour of paying sperm donors, as were infertility patients. In contrast
the general public was not. The opinion of the general public on this issue
was influenced by their prior knowledge of whether donors were paid: those
of the general public favouring the payment of sperm donors had a prior
awareness that such payments were made. Although not in favour of paying
sperm donors, the general public overwhelmingly approved of the use of
donated spermatozoa for the treatment of infertile couples, and thought
that ways should be sought to increase the availability of donor
spermatozoa for the treatment of infertility and for research purposes.
Within the potential donor group (students), the majority indicated that
financial reward was an important factor which would influence their
decision to donate spermatozoa. As the majority of both the potential
recipients and potential donors feels that sperm donors should be paid,
perhaps the views of these groups should carry significant weight when the
decision whether or not to withdraw payment is taken. This is especially
the case in view of the fact that the majority of the general public is in
favour of the use of donated spermatozoa for the treatment of infertile
couples.
相似文献
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25.
David IT Sia MBChB Paul S Cannon FRCOphth Dinesh Selva PhD FRANZCO 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》2010,38(9):895-898
An 80‐year‐old man presented with an 8‐week history of painless swelling in the right lacrimal gland region with infero‐medial dystopia of the globe. The lesion was excised and histology confirmed an orbital plasmacytoma. Multiple myeloma screening was negative and a solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma arising from the lacrimal gland was diagnosed. The patient was subsequently treated with radiotherapy. 相似文献
26.
27.
D'Odorico A; Sturniolo GC; Bilton RF; Morris AI; Gilmore IT; Naccarato R 《Carcinogenesis》1997,18(1):43-46
It has been demonstrated that synthetic quinones, such as menadione, cause
DNA damage in different cell systems, possibly being mediated by free
radicals generated during redox cycling. It has been suggested that the
damage caused could be related to tumor induction in different sites. To
our knowledge it has not yet been demonstrated that the natural quinones,
vitamin K1 and K2, exert the same activity. Using a colon carcinoma cell
line, HT-29, we examined the extent of DNA damage induced by menadione,
vitamin K1 and K2. Menadione caused significant DNA damage at low
concentrations (25-200 microM) with a linear correlation of r = 0.95. In
the presence of dicoumarol, a DT-diaphorase inhibitor, the damage was
detected at concentrations five times lower indicating that free radicals
generated during the redox cycling play a key role. Neither vitamin K1,
incorporated in micelles, nor K2 caused detectable single strand breaks
with respect to the controls either in the presence or in absence of
dicoumarol. Our results demonstrate that, despite their redox cycling
properties, the natural forms of vitamin K do not cause DNA damage in HT-29
cells as menadione does in the experimental conditions used.
相似文献
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Schreuder GM Hurley CK Marsh SG Lau M Fernandez-Vina M Noreen HJ Setterholm M Maiers M;World Marrow Donor Associations Quality Assurance IT Working Groups;WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA system;th International Histocompatibility Workshop Serology Component;International Cell Exchange UCLA;US National Marrow Donor Program 《Tissue antigens》2005,65(1):1-55
This report presents serologic equivalents of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DRB3, -DRB4, -DRB5 and -DQB1 alleles. The dictionary is an update of the one published in 2001. The data summarize equivalents obtained by the World Health Organization Nomenclature Committee for factors of the HLA System, the International Cell Exchange, the National Marrow Donor Program, recent publications and individual laboratories. This latest update of the dictionary is enhanced by the inclusion of results from studies performed during the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and from neural network analyses. A summary of the data as recommended serologic equivalents is presented as expert assigned types. The tables include remarks for alleles, which are or may be expressed as antigens with serologic reaction patterns that differ from the well-established HLA specificities. The equivalents provided will be useful in guiding searches for unrelated hematopoietic stem cell donors in which patients and/or potential donors are typed by either serology or DNA-based methods. The serological DNA equivalent dictionary will also aid in typing and matching procedures for organ transplant programs whose waiting lists of potential donors and recipients comprise of mixtures of serologic and DNA-based typings. The tables with HLA equivalents and a questionnaire for submission of serologic reaction patterns for poorly identified allelic products will be made available through the WMDA web page: www.worldmarrow.org. and in the near future also in a searchable form on the IMGT/HLA database. 相似文献