稀有放线菌产生的抗生素

由于从链霉菌中发现新抗生素的几率越来越小，从稀有放线菌中寻找新抗生素成为研究的重点。稀有放线菌是新生物活性物质的重要产生菌，其产生的抗生素具有结构多样及活性独特的特点。本文概述近年来稀有放线菌中的小单孢菌属、诺卡菌属、马杜拉放线菌属、游动放线菌属、拟无枝菌酸菌属、小双孢菌属及糖多孢菌属等产生的抗生素种类及其活性。     

螺旋CT在肿瘤性肠梗阻诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨螺旋CT用于肿瘤性肠梗阻诊断的应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院2012年10月,2013年6月经手术证实为肿瘤性肠梗阻且术前均行腹部x线平片和CT扫描两种检查的32例患者的临床资料,对两种检查方法的检查结果进行比较分析。结果（1）两种诊断方式在梗阻诊断率、梗阻病因诊断率、梗阻部位诊断率以及绞窄的诊断率上比较有明显差异（P〈0．05）;（2）CT诊断结果与术后病理TNM分期结果比较无显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论螺旋CT用于诊断肿瘤性肠梗阻效果显著,且能够有效提高梗阻诊断率,明显优于腹部x线平片检查。     

附子酸性多糖提高免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的实验研究

目的观察附子酸性多糖对环磷酰胺所致免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法采用植物化学方法得到附子酸性多糖,以灌胃和腹腔注射2种方式给药,观察免疫低下小鼠的胸腺、脾脏指数,腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能,血清溶血素,淋巴细胞转化率,自然杀伤细胞活性以及外周血白细胞计数等多项指标,与对照组比较评价附子酸性多糖对免疫低下小鼠细胞和体液免疫功能的影响。结果附子酸性多糖可显著提高正常小鼠和免疫低下小鼠的脾脏和胸腺指数,提高小鼠的腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能和抗体产生能力,促进淋巴细胞增殖,增强自然杀伤细胞活性,并且可以显著提高白细胞数量(P<0.05或P<0.01)。腹腔注射较灌胃给药的效果更为明显(P<0.01)。结论附子酸性多糖可以显著提高免疫低下小鼠体液免疫和细胞免疫功能,并可减轻由于环磷酰胺引起的白细胞降低,具有减轻化疗药的毒副作用。且不同给药途径可影响其疗效。附子酸性多糖具有广阔的开发应用前景。     

慢性乙肝患者健康教育效果评价

目的探讨健康教育对慢性乙型病毒性肝炎（CHB）患者的影响。方法对89例2次住院的CHB患者。通过指导阅读健康教育手册、个别指导、集体座谈的形式进行系统的健康教育，并其出院时、再次入院时采用CHB相关知识测试题、自我管理能力测评表进行健康教育效果评价。结果教育后患者CHB相关知识掌握优良率、自我管理能力明显提高。与教育前比较。差异有显著性意义（均P〈0．01）。再次入院时．患者虽对CHB相关知识掌握优良率有所下降，但与出院时比较，差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）；而患者自我管理能力明显下降．与出院时比较，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论健康教育能提高患者CHB相关知识掌握水平和自我管理能力，但须强化教育．使患者在自身健康方面达到知识、信心及行为的长久统一，并指导其处理好隐私与传染意识的对立统一关系。     

能谱CT虚拟平扫在肾癌中的应用

目的：探讨能谱CT虚拟平扫(VNC)替代常规平扫在肾癌中的临床应用价值。方法回顾分析32例经病理证实为肾癌的患者影像资料,均行能谱CT常规平扫及动脉期、静脉期能谱成像(GSI),采用MSI软件生成动脉期VNC和静脉期VNC图像。分别测量3组图像(常规平扫、动脉期VNC、静脉期VNC)肾脏病灶的CT值、病灶-正常肾脏的对比噪声比(CNR),同层面病灶的长径、橫径,采用单因素方差分析;由2位放射科医师对3组图像分别行5分制图像质量主观评分,3分制影像学征象主观评分,对2位医师评价结果的一致性行Kappa 检验,对3组图像的图像质量主观评分行单因素方差分析。结果2位医师对3组图像评价结果的一致性较好(Kappa 值均>0.700);3组图像间图像质量主观评分无统计学差异(P>0.05);影像学征象主观评分动脉期 VNC为2.88±0.34,静脉期VNC为2.84±0.37,均可接受。3组图像的CNR分别为0.52±0.11、0.72±0.16、0.69±0.12,动脉期VNC、静脉期 VNC的对比噪声比(CNR)均高于常规平扫,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。3组图像同层面病灶的长径和横径无统计学差异(P>0.05)。3组图像肾脏病灶的CT值分别为(30.04±4.09)HU、(32.69±4.07)HU、(32.56±3.52)HU,有统计学差异(P<0.05),常规平扫病灶的CT值低于动脉期 VNC和静脉期 VNC,但差值均在5 HU内。结论在肾癌检查中 VNC能替代常规平扫,可减少患者的扫描次数,降低辐射剂量。     

钛夹联合内镜下黏膜切除术治疗重度胃黏膜脱垂症的临床观察

目的：观察钛夹联合内镜下黏膜切除术对重度胃黏膜脱垂症的治疗效果及安全性。方法：对53例经胃镜确诊的重度胃黏膜脱垂症患者采用钛夹联合内镜下黏膜切除术治疗,并分别于术后4周、8周行临床症状随访和胃镜复查。结果：53例患者治疗成功率100％,4周有效率98．1％,8周有效率100％,无出血、穿孔等并发症发生。结论：钛夹联合内镜下黏膜切除术治疗重度胃黏膜脱垂症疗效确切,安全性高,是目前比较先进的微创治疗方法之一。     

A patenting perspective on human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors (2014-2018) and their therapeutic applications

Introduction: Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is involved in a variety of serious chronic diseases, especially cardiopulmonary pathologies. For this reason, the regulation of HNE activity represents a promising therapeutic approach, which is evident by the development of a number of new and selective HNE inhibitors, both in the academic and pharmaceutical environments.

Areas covered: The present review analyzes and summarizes the patent literature regarding human neutrophil elastase inhibitors for the treatment of cardiopulmonary diseases over 2014–2018.

Expert opinion: HNE is an interesting and defined target to treat various inflammatory diseases, including a number of cardiopulmonary pathologies. The research in this field is quite active, and a number of HNE inhibitors are currently in various stages of clinical development. In addition, new opportunities for HNE inhibitor development stem from recent studies demonstrating the involvement of HNE in many other inflammatory pathologies, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, skin diseases, and cancer. Furthermore, the development of dual HNE/proteinase 3 inhibitors is being pursued as an innovative approach for the treatment of neutrophilic inflammatory diseases. Thus, these new developments will likely stimulate new and increased interest in this important therapeutic target and for the development of novel and selective HNE inhibitors.     

荔湾区2010～2013年艾滋病自愿咨询检测结果及影响因素分析

目的探讨艾滋病自愿咨询人群血清学检测结果及其影响因素,为荔湾区今后更好的开展VCT服务提供依据。方法以2010~2013年在荔湾区各VCT门诊接受VCT服务并登记上报的求询者作为研究对象,按照《全国艾滋病检测技术规范(2009)》要求开展HIV抗体初筛检测,阳性标本合做梅毒、丙肝、乙肝检测。采用非条件Logistic回归分析影响艾滋病自愿咨询人群艾滋病感染的相关因素。结果共调查艾滋病自愿咨询检测者6 423人,其中男性2 787人,占43.4%,女性3 636人,占56.6%;年龄集中在(32.4±10.8)岁。HIV抗体阳性98例,占1.5%,其中1例同时呈HIV、梅毒、丙肝、乙肝阳性,合并四重感染率为1%;HIV、丙肝合并感染者有42例,双重感染率为42.9%;HIV、梅毒合并感染有20例,双重感染率为20.4%;HIV、乙肝合并感染有8例,双重感染率为8.16%。经Logistic回归分析显示:对艾滋病自愿咨询检测人群艾滋病感染的影响因素是年龄、职业和人群特征。年龄段在21~60岁,吸毒者、同性恋、阳性配偶者为艾滋病感染的风险人群。结论政府组织与各部门共同担责,改进并完善自愿咨询检测服务,加强对艾滋病感染风险人群检测,向"零"艾滋迈进。     

非手术与桡骨短缩术治疗Kiebock氏病的疗效比较

非手术与桡骨短缩术治疗Kiebock氏病的疗效比较@J Salm on @JK Stam ley @IA T rail @范少勇$江西中医学院!南昌330006     

Initial evaluation of congenital hypothyroidism: a survey of general paediatricians in East Anglia

The practice of general paediatricians in the initial evaluation of congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) was assessed. This was performed by a questionnaire survey of paediatricians in East Anglia of whom 84% responded. Nineteen of 25 clinicians based in seven district hospitals managed children with CHT. The median number of children in the care of each clinician was 4 (range 1-17) and the median number of children attending each hospital was 12 (range 5-23). All except one clinician arranged to confirm the diagnosis with a serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentration and free or total thyroxine. There was variation of opinion on the value of serum triiodothyronine and free triiodothyronine measurements, antibody screening, knee radiographs, and thyroid isotope scans. One clinician sought advice when notified of new children and two expressed the need for an investigation protocol. These findings indicate that most general paediatricians in East Anglia manage only a few children with CHT; the initial diagnosis is appropriately confirmed but they are uncertain about the value of other investigations.