Shoulder joint: arthrographic CT and long-term follow-up, with surgical correlation

One hundred two computed tomographic (CT) arthrograms of the shoulder were retrospectively reviewed and compared with conventional double-contrast arthrograms from 101 patients (24 females and 77 males aged 9-70 years). One- to 4-year follow-up was obtained in 84 patients, 40 of whom underwent open-shoulder surgery or arthroscopy. Morphology of the normal portions of each labrum was categorized according to length, width, and tip shape. Correlation between morphology and age was weak, but abnormal labra were more common in younger patients. Conventional radiography was more accurate for detecting bony glenoid margin fractures, but CT was more accurate for detecting Hill-Sach fractures. CT was also more reliable than conventional arthrography in the detection of rotator cuff tears. Hence, few if any conventional radiographs are necessary between contrast material injection and CT imaging. A reduction in the number of images obtained will result in decreased radiation dose, less cost, and shorter examination time without loss of diagnostic accuracy.     

脑血管病急性期MMP-9、IL-6和IL-10水平变化的研究

目的：探讨基质金属蛋白酶‐9（MMP‐9）、白细胞介素‐6（IL‐6）和白细胞介素‐10（IL‐10）与脑动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定性以及脑梗死的关系。方法选择急性脑血管病患者56例,其中反复短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）16例,急性脑梗死40例。对照组为21例健康体检者。所有缺血性脑血管病患者均经头CT血管造影（CTA）检查或颈部血管超声证实存在不稳定斑块,且发病机制考虑与不稳定斑块破裂有关。采用ELISA方法检测各组血清MMP‐9、IL‐6和IL‐10水平并进行比较。结果急性脑梗死组患者血清中MMP‐9、IL‐10水平分别为（137.10±69.38）ng/mL和（39.16±32.82）pg/mL,TIA组患者血清中MMP‐9、IL‐10水平分别为（119.79±65.54）ng/mL和（33.00±21.36）pg/mL,均明显高于对照组〔分别为（65.42±36.81）ng/mL和（19.83±12.16）pg/mL〕;脑梗死组患者血清MMP‐9及IL‐10水平均高于TIA组（均P＜0.05）。各组间IL‐6水平差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论MMP‐9和IL‐10水平升高可能与动脉粥样硬化不稳定斑块破裂以及脑梗死灶形成有关。     

3D DESS磁共振序列诊断神经根型颈椎病临床价值

目的：探讨3D双回波稳态进动（dual echo steady state ,DESS）磁共振序列在显示椎管内臂丛神经的形态解剖学信息的情况,以及在显示突出椎间盘与椎管内臂丛神经的关系的临床应用价值。方法对35例有颈肩痛和上肢麻痛等颈丛和臂丛神经根受压症状,临床高度怀疑神经根型颈椎病患者行颈椎M RI常规序列（矢状位 T1 WI ,T2 WI ,横轴位T2WI）和3D DESS序列,3D DESS序列的所有图像均采用3D最大信号强度投影（MIP）与曲面重组等后处理,由2位高级职称M RI影像诊断医师通过对重建后图像所显示的臂丛神经椎管内神经根的形态、长度以及突出椎间盘与椎管内臂丛神经的关系的影像表现,评价3D DESS序列在神经根型颈椎病影像诊断中的临床应用价值。结果3D DESS序列重建图像和常规MRI T2WI序列图像对臂丛神经椎管内神经前根的显示率分别为94．3％（33／35）和88．6％（31／35）,对臂丛神经椎管内神经后根的显示率分别为94．3％（33／35）和80％（28／35）,3D DESS序列明显优于常规层厚 T2 WI图像,差异有显著性意义（P ＜0．05）;在臂丛神经椎管内神经前后根完整性的显示方面,两者间差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。结论3D DESS序列经重建后的图像,可提供更多的椎管内臂丛神经的形态解剖学信息,能清晰显示突出椎间盘对神经根的压迫情况,为临床治疗提供明确依据。     

缺血性脑卒中患者阿司匹林抵抗现象及处理策略

阿司匹林作为缺血性脑血管病的一级和二级预防用药，广受关注。然而长期服用阿司匹林的患者仍会发生动脉血栓形成事件，因此本文就阿司匹林抵抗的概念、发生机制、检测方法、预防措施及其在缺血性脑血管病中的临床意义加以综述。     

音乐疗法在围手术期护理中的应用研究

目的：探讨音乐疗法在围手术期护理中的作用。方法：选择在我院实施局麻手术患者120例，随机分为观察组和对照组，两组均进行常规护理，观察组同时在术前、术中、术后收听自己喜欢的音乐。对两组焦虑水平、术中麻醉药用量和术后疼痛程度进行比较。结果：观察组术前SAS评分和焦虑发生率均明显低于对照组（P〈0．05），而术后两组无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；观察组术中咪唑安定使用量明显少于对照组（P〈0．05），利多卡因使用量也少于对照组，但无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；观察组术后疼痛分级明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：在同手术期护理中应用音乐疗法，可以减轻患者焦虑、减少麻醉药用量，缓解疼痛，促进康复。     

Multispectral analysis of magnetic resonance images

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging systems produce spatial distribution estimates of proton density, relaxation time, and flow, in a two dimensional matrix form that is analogous to that of the image data obtained from multispectral imaging satellites. Advanced NASA satellite image processing offers sophisticated multispectral analysis of MR images. Spin echo and inversion recovery pulse sequence images were entered in a digital format compatible with satellite images and accurately registered pixel by pixel. Signatures of each tissue class were automatically determined using both supervised and unsupervised classification. Overall tissue classification was obtained in the form of a theme map. In MR images of the brain, for example, the classes included CSF, gray matter, white matter, subcutaneous fat, muscle, and bone. These methods provide an efficient means of identifying subtle relationships in a multi-image MR study.