The motivational process for physical activity in young adults with autism spectrum disorder

Background

Many young adults, specifically those with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), do not meet the national physical activity (PA) guidelines. One way to address this problem may be to examine the factors that motivate individuals to engage in PA. However, the majority of current literature does not consider the unique characteristics of individuals with ASD, which may influence their motivation.

Prähospitale Behandlung des akuten Koronarsyndroms unter DOAK-Dauertherapie

Die Anaesthesiologie - Trotz steigender Inzidenz von Patienten, die unter einer Dauertherapie mit einem direkten oralen Antikoagulans (DOAK) ein akutes Koronarsyndrom („acute coronary...     

Targeted disruption of mouse long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene reveals crucial roles for fatty acid oxidation

Abnormalities of fatty acid metabolism are recognized to play a significant role in human disease, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) catalyzes the initial step in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO). We produced a mouse model of LCAD deficiency with severely impaired FAO. Matings between LCAD +/− mice yielded an abnormally low number of LCAD +/− and −/− offspring, indicating frequent gestational loss. LCAD −/− mice that reached birth appeared normal, but had severely reduced fasting tolerance with hepatic and cardiac lipidosis, hypoglycemia, elevated serum free fatty acids, and nonketotic dicarboxylic aciduria. Approximately 10% of adult LCAD −/− males developed cardiomyopathy, and sudden death was observed in 4 of 75 LCAD −/− mice. These results demonstrate the crucial roles of mitochondrial FAO and LCAD in vivo.     

Nicht-invasive Beatmung

Zum Thema Die nicht-invasive Beatmung (NIV) über eine Maske erm?glicht bei vielen Patienten eine effiziente Beatmung unter Vermeidung der Risiken und Nebenwirkungen der endotrachealen Intubation. Für die chronisch-obstruktive Lungenerkrankung (COPD) sind die Vorteile der Maskenbeatmung im Hinblick auf Beatmungsdauer, Dauer der Intensivbehandlung, Prognose und Behandlungskosten inzwischen relativ gut durch Studien belegt. Bei anderen Indikationen –“Nicht-COPD-Patienten”– erlauben die verfügbaren Daten noch kein gesichertes Urteil, rechtfertigen aber einen Behandlungsversuch auch au?erhalb von Studien in klinischer Routine. Nachteilig sind der initial h?here personelle Betreuungsaufwand bei NIV sowie die stark von der Erfahrung abh?ngige Erfolgsrate. Die wichtigste Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche nicht-invasive Beatmung in der Intensivmedizin ist die Bereitschaft von ?rzten und Pflegepersonal, eine ungewohnte Beatmungsphilosophie zu akzeptieren und die relativ einfache Technik der Maskenbeatmung zu erlernen. Bei Beherrschung der Technik kann die NIV aber eine wertvolle Hilfe vom Notarztwagen bis zur Intensivstation sein.     

Localisation of neuroendocrine tumours of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

In order to localise neuroendocrine tumours of the foregut type (that is, of the stomach, duodenum, and pancreas), 18 patients were studied prospectively by endoscopic ultrasonography, computed tomography, transabdominal ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. These 18 patients had a total of 25 primary tumour lesions which were verified histologically in tissue obtained by surgery or by ultrasound or endoscopy guided biopsy. Tumours were found in the stomach (n = 1), duodenum (n = 6), pancreas (n = 17), and liver (n = 1). Endoscopic ultrasonography had the highest sensitivity for tumour detection, followed by somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, computed tomography, transabdominal ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (88%, 52%, 36%, 32%, and 24% respectively). Endoscopic ultrasonography was especially sensitive in tumours smaller than 2 cm in diameter (88% v somatostatin receptor scintigraphy 35%; computed tomography 12%; transabdominal ultrasonography 6%; and magnetic resonance imaging 0%). Of 17 tumours located in the pancreas, endoscopic ultrasonography showed a sensitivity of 94% (somatostatin receptor scintigraphy 47%; computed tomography 47%; transabdominal ultrasonography 41%; and magnetic resonance imaging 29%). Of eight extrapancreatic tumours, six were identified by endoscopic ultrasonography, five by somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, and only one by computed tomography, transabdominal ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging. One neuroendocrine tumour that was not detected by endoscopic ultrasonography was correctly identified by somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. Endoscopic ultrasound allowed correct determination of the tumour size and tumour spread into parapancreatic structures, especially the large vessels (T stage), in all 14 patients operated upon. The lymph node stage (N stage) was correctly determined in 10 of these 14 patients. In summary, endoscopic ultrasonography and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy were the most sensitive imaging methods for the localisation of these tumours and should be used as early diagnostic procedures to accurately stage neuroendocrine tumours of the foregut type.     

Resistance to RevM10 inhibition reflects a conformational switch in the HIV-1 Rev response element

Nuclear export of certain HIV-1 mRNAs requires an interaction between the viral Rev protein and the Rev response element (RRE), a structured element located in the Env region of its RNA genome. This interaction is an attractive target for both drug design and gene therapy, exemplified by RevM10, a transdominant negative protein that, when introduced into host cells, disrupts viral mRNA export. However, two silent G->A mutations in the RRE (RRE61) confer RevM10 resistance, which prompted us to examine RRE structure using a novel chemical probing strategy. Variations in region III/IV/V of mutant RNAs suggest a stepwise rearrangement to RevM10 resistance. Mass spectrometry was used to directly assess Rev “loading” onto RRE and its variants, indicating that this is unaffected by RNA structural changes. Similarity in chemical footprints with mutant protein implicates additional host factors in RevM10 resistance.