表皮细胞培养及其临床应用

目的:对表皮细胞的培养方法、临床应用进展方面的研究成果进行综述,展望其发展趋势。资料来源:应用计算机检索PubMed数据库1970-01/2006-08相关表皮细胞的文献,检索词“keratinocytes,culture,skin grafting”,同时检索中国期刊网2000-01/2006-08期间的相关文献,检索词为“表皮细胞,培养,皮肤移植”。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取相关文献查找全文。纳入标准:①表皮细胞的培养。②表皮细胞的移植。排除标准:综述文献、重复研究类文章。资料提炼:共收集到30篇符合标准的文献,英文文献26篇,中文文献4篇,其中与培养相关的文献19篇,与移植相关的文献11篇。资料综合:自1975年以来,表皮细胞从最初的有血清、有滋养层培养,到无血清、无滋养层培养,再到后来的自动化培养。其培养方法有了较大的发展。这些发展促进了其临床应用,从细胞悬液移植到自、异体细胞膜片移植,再到表皮细胞-生物材料复合物移植。培养和移植方法的发展使人们在治疗大面积皮肤缺损方面看到了希望。结论:目前在表皮细胞培养及其临床应用上还有不少问题需要解决,但随着表皮细胞培养方法和技术的进一步完善,特别是与纳米科学、材料科学等学科的交叉,定能在不远的将来获得理想的永久性皮肤替代物。     

Short-Term Red Wine Consumption Promotes Differential Effects on Plasma Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Sympathetic Activity, and Endothelial Function in Hypercholesterolemic, Hypertensive, and Healthy Subjects

OBJECTIVES:

To compare the metabolic, hemodynamic, autonomic, and endothelial responses to short-term red wine consumption in subjects with hypercholesterolemia or arterial hypertension, and healthy controls.

METHODS:

Subjects with hypercholesterolemia (n=10) or arterial hypertension (n=9), or healthy controls (n=7) were given red wine (250 mL/night) for 15 days. Analyses were performed before and after red wine intake.

RESULTS:

Red wine significantly increased the plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol in the controls, but not in the other groups. The effects on hemodynamic measurements were mild, non-significantly more prominent in healthy subjects, and exhibited high interindividual variability. Across all participants, mean blood pressure decreased 7 mmHg (p <0.01) and systemic vascular resistance decreased 7% (p = 0.05). Heart rate and cardiac output did not significantly change in any group. Red wine enhanced muscle sympathetic fibular nerve activity in hypercholesterolemic and hypertensive patients, but not in controls. At baseline, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was impaired in patients with hypercholesterolemia and arterial hypertension; red wine restored the dilation in the hypercholesterolemic group but not in the hypertensive group.

CONCLUSIONS:

Red wine elicits different metabolic, autonomic, and endothelial responses among individuals with hypercholesterolemia or arterial hypertension and healthy controls. Our findings highlight the need to consider patient characteristics when evaluating the response to red wine.     

A profile of the online dissemination of national influenza surveillance data

Background  

Influenza surveillance systems provide important and timely information to health service providers on trends in the circulation of influenza virus and other upper respiratory tract infections. Online dissemination of surveillance data is useful for risk communication to health care professionals, the media and the general public. We reviewed national influenza surveillance websites from around the world to describe the main features of surveillance data dissemination.     

吡酮酸类抗菌药物的研究Ⅷ.1-对氟苯基-6-氟-1,4-二氢-4-氧-7-(1-哌嗪)噌啉-3-羧酸及其类似物的合成和构效关系

为探讨构效关系,合成了1-对氟苯基-6-氟-1,4-二氢-4-氧-7-(1-哌嗪)噌啉-3-羧酸及其喹啉、萘啶、吡啶[2,3-C]哒嗪环系类似物16个。测定了对大肠杆菌的MIC。用Hückel分子轨道理论(HMO)方法计算了四个母体环上电子密度。结果表明:环中氮的位置对药效团——3位羧基和4位羰基氧原子上电子密度的影响较大而影响其抗菌活性。喹啉、萘啶两环系的3位羧基和4位羰基氧原子上的电子密度较高,其体外抗菌活性较高;而噌啉及吡啶[2,3-C]哒嗪两环系的电子密度较低,其体外抗菌活性较低甚至消失。     

中国仓鼠细胞CTP合成酶cDNA的克隆及测序

用ＲＡＣＥ－ＰＣＲ方法合成了中国仓鼠细胞ＣＴＰ合成酶的ｃＤＮＡ，经克隆到载体并转化大肠杆菌。从大小不同的插入片段中筛选出一个１．３ｋｂ的片段进行测序。结果表明，此片段为ＣＴＰ合成酶的ＣＤＮＡ。     

Role of Endothelium/Nitric Oxide and Cyclic AMP in Isoproterenol Potentiation of 17ß-Estradiol-Mediated Vasorelaxation

Background: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is known to have an extremely potent and prolonged vasodilator effect on the coronary arteries. Studies have shown that CGRP increased coronary blood flow and alleviated reperfusion injury in vitro. It is still unknown, however, whether exogenous CGRP has a protective effect on the reperfusion heart associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: An in vivo porcine model of CPB was established. Twenty pigs, 10 controls and 10 CGRP used animals (CGRP group), were performed a median sternotomy followed by a standard CPB. All the hearts were arrested for 45 minutes. In the CGRP group, 1mg/kg CGRP was added into the cardioplegia, and another 1mg/kg was reperfused just before the aortic cross-clamp was removed. In both groups, myocardial microvascular perfusion, coronary arterial microvessel diameter and microvessel blood flow were detected by a laser doppler flowmeter and a contact microscope with TV monitor on five consecutive time perioperatively. Result: Myocardial microvascular perfusion was significantly higher and coronary arterial microvessel diameter was larger in the CGRP group on every point of time of reperfusion compared to those in the control group. In the CGRP group, microvessel blood flow also improved significantly than that in the control group during reperfusion. Conclusion: CGRP improves myocardial microcirculation during cardiac ischemia-reperfusion associated with CPB and could become a new, potent myocardial protector.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植在肾脏疾病防治中的应用

目的:探讨骨髓间充质干细胞在肾脏疾病中的应用。方法:应用计算机检索中文科技期刊数据库1994-01/2007-06期间与骨髓间充质干细胞移植和肾脏疾病防治相关的文献,检索词"骨髓间充质干细胞、肾脏疾病",限定文章语言种类为中文。对资料进行初审,并查看每篇文献后的引文,文献所述内容应与骨髓间充质干细胞移植、难治性肾病、肾功能衰竭相关,且以近5年发表在较权威杂志者优先。排除重复性文章及Meta分析类文章。结果:①骨髓间充质干细胞具有多向分化潜能和可塑性,在特定的条件下可以向肾病大鼠肾脏的肾小球及间质细胞转化。骨髓间充质干细胞移植后可对肾功能等生化指标有明显改善作用。②同种异基因骨髓移植治疗IgA肾病患者后,清除了在系膜沉积的IgA分子。③在慢性马兜铃酸肾病中,骨髓造血干细胞特异标志物CD34~ 细胞减少,推测慢性马兜铃酸肾病发病机理可能与骨髓间充质干细胞受损相关。④骨髓间充质干细胞还可以重建损伤后的肾小球系膜,将骨髓移植后的小鼠制成肾小球肾炎模型,一周后观察发现有骨髓间充质干细胞向系膜细胞分化。结论:骨髓间充质干细胞可分化成为各种肾脏细胞,从而修复肾损伤,为未来解决肾小球损伤、肾小管坏死及其导致的急、慢性肾功能衰竭提供了一种新型的治疗方案。