SCHISTOSOMIASIS VACCINATION HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT, PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS*

50 years of research on killed or live vaccine for schistosomiasis without successful produc- tion of a human schistosomiasis vaccine are reviewed.     

体液中29种中枢神经系统药物的高效毛细管电泳系统分析方法

建立了高效毛细管电泳系统分析法,分析体液样品中29种CNS药物,作为CNS药物中毒的快速的初筛方法。血、尿样品用有机溶剂萃取,胃液直接进样。用酸、弱碱和中性3组缓冲液体系进行电泳分离。以组分与电渗流迁移时间之比的相对迁移时间和紫外吸收光谱为定性指标。最低检测浓度0.5～5μg·mL^-1。在此法基础上可增加分析品种。通用的提取方法可避免漏检,广谱分离条件便于分类,专一分离条件便于定性。本法用于实际中毒样品分析,证实所建方法操作简便、分析时间短、杂质干扰小。     

Efficiency of sex pre-selection of spermatozoa by albumin separation method evaluated by double-labelled fluorescence in-situ hybridization

To evaluate the separation efficiency of Ericsson's two- and three- layer albumin separation methods, semen samples from 21 healthy males were studied. Seven patients already had two or more sons, another seven had two or more daughters and the other seven had primary infertility due to female factors. The semen samples were divided into three aliquots: one remained unprocessed initially, the other two aliquots went through two- and three-layer albumin separation methods respectively. All samples were then stained with X-Y double staining probes. In each group, four or five samples were processed at room temperature, and two or three at body temperature (37 degrees C). The labelling efficiency of X-Y double staining probe was over 99%. The X:Y sperm ratios were even in the original samples. The ratios of the X and Y spermatozoa were altered slightly but significantly after the two- layer (P < or = 0.05) or the three-layer (P < or = 0.005) separation. The alterations occurred only at room temperature. The X spermatozoa increased and the Y spermatozoa decreased, both to a small degree of difference (1.4-3.5%). Double fluorescence in-situ hybridization analysis therefore showed that albumin separation methods do not enrich Y spermatozoa.      

Relationship between image quality and ultrasound exposure level in diagnostic US devices

Ultrasonographic B-mode images were obtained at various exposure levels with three real-time diagnostic scanners. Adult human and tissue-equivalent phantom images were compared in terms of diagnostic content and depth of penetration. For the exposure level settings used, spatial-peak pulse-average intensities ranged from approximately 10 to 500 W/cm2. At the 3.50-3.75-MHz nominal frequencies used in the study, images of the human abdomen showed little discernible change in quality with varying exposure levels. However, phantom tests confirmed that depth of penetration is a function of exposure level. The results suggest that a judicious use of exposure level and receiver gain controls can be a practical means for minimizing patient exposure to ultrasound without sacrifice of diagnostic effectiveness.     

太白木忽木根皮中三萜皂甙成分研究

从太白木忽木(Aralia taibaiensis Z.Z.WangetH.C.Zheng)根皮中首次分离到四个三萜皂甙,根据理化性质和光谱数据,分别鉴定为齐墩果酸-3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖(1→2)][β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸甙(1),tarasaponinV(2),3-O-｛β-D-吡喃木糖(1→2)[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸乙酯｝-齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(3)和3-O-｛β-D-吡喃木糖(1→2)[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸丁酯｝-齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(4)。1为新天然产物,3和4为新化合物,分别命名为太白木忽木皂甙VI(taibaienosideVI)、太白木忽木皂甙VII(taibaienoside VII)和太白木忽木皂甙VII(taibaienoside VII)。     

手部重度热压伤的皮瓣移植修复22例

目的:重度热压伤者深层组织暴露,断层或全厚皮片移植不能覆盖神经、肌腱、皮质骨,临床常采用早期皮瓣移植修复,本组观察22例手部重度热压伤患者的治疗效果,进行了重复性的经验验证。方法:选择2001-01/2006-06解放军第八五医院烧伤整形外科收治的皮瓣移植修复治疗手部重度热压伤患者22例,对治疗方案均知情同意。其中选择手部局部皮瓣4例,上臂管型皮瓣3例,腹部随意带蒂皮瓣10例,腹部轴型皮瓣5例。术后进行康复治疗,定期随访,根据伤情和手功能恢复情况评估疗效。结果:①术后各种皮瓣全部成活,随访6￣12个月,皮瓣颜色质地均佳,手外形和功能恢复满意。②22例患者治疗效果优、良、差者分别为10,7,5例。③伤后急诊手术及1周内手术者17例,愈合优良率为82%;2周内手术者5例,愈合优良率为60%。结论:根据不同的热压伤创面选用相应的皮瓣进行早期移植修复,术后同时进行康复治疗,可最大限度地恢复手的外形和功能。