Defective Treg response in acute kidney injury was caused by a reduction in TIM-3+ Treg cells

Background: Despite years of research, the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a significant challenge. Animal studies presented causal links between elevated regulatory T cell (Treg) response and better prognosis in AKI. Previous studies in mice and humans showed that TIM-3+ Treg cells were more potent than TIM-3- Treg cells. In this study, we investigated the role of TIM-3 in Treg in AKI patients.

Methods: Peripheral blood from AKI patients and healthy controls were gathered, and TIM-3+ Treg subset was examined.

Results: Compared to healthy controls, the AKI patients presented a significant upregulation in the frequency of circulating CD4+CD25+ T cells; however, the majority of this increase was from the CD4+CD25+TIM-3- subset, and the frequency of CD4+CD25+TIM-3+ T cells was downregulated in AKI patients. In both healthy controls and AKI patients, the CD4+CD25+TIM-3+ T cells expressed higher levels of Foxp3, and were more potent at expressing LFA-1, LAG-3, CTLA-4, IL-10 and TGF-β. In addition, the CD4+CD25+TIM-3+ T cells from both healthy controls and AKI patients presented higher capacity to suppress CD4+CD25- T cell proliferation than the CD4+CD25+TIM-3- T cells. Interestingly, the total CD4+CD25+ T cells from AKI patients presented significantly lower inhibitory capacity than those from healthy controls, indicating that the low frequency of CD4+CD25+TIM-3+ T cells was restricting the efficacy of the Treg responses in AKI patients.

Conclusions: We demonstrated that TIM-3 downregulation impaired the function of Treg cells in AKI. The therapeutic potential of CD4+CD25+TIM-3+ T cells in AKI should be investigated in future studies.     

教育心理学和教学效益相关性的研究

本研究在罗马尼亚Oradea大学医药学院进行，始于1998年，结束于2003年。研究的出发点为该学院的学生们提出不少的教师，包括一些国内外知名的学者和医生，因缺乏教育心理学知识，不能很好地理解学生，组织教学和传授知识。因此，本研究设置了问卷调查，学院向教员开设了教育心理学课程(1998年10月～1999年7月)，与学生和教师座谈，统计并比较学生的考试成绩，特别地跟踪研究全国年度(1999年～2003年)医学证书汇考结果。研究结果客观地证实了教育心理学能够提高学习(工作)效益和成果，因为教育心理学知识使得教师(和医师)更好地与学生(或病人)沟通、理解和组织、合作。     

微囊藻毒素免疫检测技术研究进展

微囊藻毒素主要是由蓝绿藻属产生的的一类毒素,其毒性主要表现在特异性抑制细胞内的蛋白磷酸酶(Ppl和PP2A)。目前有关微囊藻毒素分析和检测的研究开展得十分广泛,免疫检测技术由于其众多的优点更显示出其良好的应用前景。本文详细地综述了目前国内外在微囊藻毒素免疫检测方面的研究方法和成果;并在总结这些研究的基础上,展望了微囊藻毒素免疫检测技术的发展方向。     

Gemins modulate the expression and activity of the SMN complex

Reduction in the expression of the survival of motor neurons (SMN) protein results in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a common motor neuron degenerative disease. SMN is part of a large macromolecular complex (the SMN complex) that includes at least six additional proteins called Gemins (Gemin2-7). The SMN complex is expressed in all cells and is present throughout the cytoplasm and in the nucleus where it is concentrated in Gems. The SMN complex plays an essential role in the production of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and likely other RNPs. To study the roles of the individual proteins, we systematically reduced the expression of SMN and each of the Gemins (2-6) by RNA interference. We show that the reduction of SMN leads to a decrease in snRNP assembly, the disappearance of Gems, and to a drastic reduction in the amounts of several Gemins. Moreover, reduction of Gemin2 or Gemin6 strongly decreases the activity of the SMN complex. These findings demonstrate that other components of the SMN complex, in addition to SMN, are critical for the activity of the complex and suggest that Gemin2 and Gemin6 are potentially important modifiers of SMA as well as potential disease genes for non-SMN motor neuron diseases.     

突变MyD88重组质粒的构建及其抑制绿脓杆菌诱导的A549细胞IL-8表达

构建突变MyD88真核表达质粒(MyD88 DN),转染人呼吸道上皮细胞株A549,探讨其对绿脓杆菌及其分泌产物刺激IL-8表达的影响.结果显示突变MyD88成功构建入pcDNA3.1/zeo真核表达质粒,转染A549细胞后,可降低绿脓杆菌培养上清或活菌刺激诱导的IL-8分泌.提示突变MyD88可阻断绿脓杆菌感染引起的呼吸道上皮细胞IL-8释放,为呼吸道炎症的基因治疗提供了新的靶基因.     

人巨细胞病毒UL136基因在临床低传代分离株中多态性分析

目的 研究人巨细胞病毒(human cytomegalovirus，HCMV)UL136基因在临床低传代分离株中的多态性，探讨其多态性与HCMV先天性感染不同致病性之间的关系。方法 对48株经荧光定量PCR方法检测HCMV DNA为阳性的临床低传代分离株进行HCMV ULl36全序列PCR扩增，对于扩增阳性的12株PCR产物进行ULl36基因全序列测定及结果分析。结果 48株临床低传代分离株ULl36 PCR扩增，12株阳性，阳性率25％，以HCMV Toledo株作为参考株，进行序列比较分析表明，12株临床分离株ULl36开放阅读框架(open reading frame，ORF)长度均与Toledo株相同，为723bp，编码241个氨基酸的蛋白。DNA序列变异均为碱基替换，不同临床分离株ULl36基因与Toledo株进行同源性比较，结果在核苷酸水平为97．7％～99．3％，氨基酸水平为96．6％～99．1％。ULl36编码蛋白的氨基酸变异率为0．83％～3．3％。二级结构预测分为两种构象。大多数HCMV ULl36蛋白翻译后修饰位点在所有分离株中均高度保守，仅几个位点在一些分离株中存在缺失或新增。Toledo株及12株临床分离株核苷酸及氨基酸序列系统进化树分析表明：45J最接近Toledo株。结论 12株临床低传代分离株HCMV ULl36基因DNA及其编码产物的氨基酸序列比较保守，但仍存在一定多态性。未发现不同临床分离株ULl36基因多态性与HCMV先天性感染的表现关系。     

经颅磁刺激对握力影响机理的初步研究

目的:探讨在不同刺激强度和不同手部握力输出的条件下,磁刺激前后对握力大小的改变。方法:10名健康受试者,其右手分别以3个不同的背景力量握住握力计,用圆形磁刺激线圈刺激左侧运动皮层,施加的刺激强度从阈值开始,每次递增10%,记录磁刺激施加前后握力输出的变化。结果:对于同一背景握力,刺激强度越大,握力大小的峰峰值及负峰值也越大;而在刺激强度不变的情况下,握力波形的峰峰值和负峰值也随握力的增大而增大;输出握力波形的正峰值和恢复时间与刺激强度、背景握力大小无明显关系。结论:实验结果提示握力峰峰值及负峰值的变化可能与参与肌肉收缩的运动单位数量及其兴奋性有关。     

Study on structure-property relationship of polyimide blends, 2. Structure and miscibility of polyimide PBPI-E/PTI-E blends

The structure and miscibility of polyimide PBPI-E/PTI-E blends were studied by wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering and dynamic mechanical analysis, where PBPI-E is a biphenyldianhydride-based polyimide, and PTI-E is a polyimide from 4,4′-thiodiphthalic anhydride and 4,4′-oxydianiline. The results obtained show that there exists a paracrystalline structure in the blends with high content of PBPI-E, but this does not affect the miscibility of the blends. The blends are miscible over the entire composition range, since only one T_g was observed for each blend. Meanwhile, the segregation of PTI-E during crystallization of PBPI-E in the blends is interlamellar.     

两种细胞表面抗原标记法流式仪检测健康成人T亚群Ⅰ、Ⅱ型细胞比例实验研究

目的了解正常成人T亚群Ⅰ、Ⅱ型细胞比例，并比较以CD3＋CD4双标记法和以CD3＋CD8双标记方法对检测结果的影响。方法全血以PMA和伊能霉素刺激培养4h，以三色标记法流式检测T亚群Ⅰ、Ⅱ型细胞因子阳性细胞的比例。结果CD3、CD8、CD4抗原在刺激后明显下调，但是不影响T亚群比例值。以CD3＋CD8双标记法检测了23例正常成人，n1和Tcl细胞在CD3^＋淋巴细胞中的比例分别为2．6％（0％-23．8％）和2．2％（0％-23．3％）。Th2和Tc2细胞占CD3^＋淋巴细胞2．8％（0．7％-13．3％）和1．6％（0％-5．1％）。以CD3＋CD4双标记法检测了12例正常成人，Th1和Tc1细胞占CD^＋淋巴细胞的比例分别为4．8％（0％-15．6％）和1．8％（0．3％-18．6％），Trh2和Tc2细胞占CD3^＋淋巴细胞的比例分别为2．6％（0％-6．5％）和1．2％（0％-10．6％），均与以CD3＋CD8标记检测的结果无统计学意义。以CD3-FTTC和CD8-PerCP双标记法检测了17例正常人的IL-2表达，IL-2阳性的CD4^＋T细胞占CD3＋淋巴细胞的比例为3．7％（0％-30．0％），高于CD8^＋IL-2^＋T细胞在CD3^＋淋巴细胞中的比例0％（0％-1．7％），P=0．005。结论可以建立有效的流式检测正常人T亚群Ⅰ、Ⅱ型细胞比例方法。以CD3＋CD4双标记或以CD3＋CD8双标记检测分析T亚群的Ⅰ、Ⅱ型细胞比例都是可行的。     

MMSE、HIS、ADL在阿尔茨海默病筛查中的应用

目的评价简易智能量表(MMSE)、Hachinski缺血指数量表(HIS)、日常生活功能量表(ADL)3种量表在阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)早期筛查中的应用价值.方法对56例50岁以上AD高风险人群进行MMSE、HIS、ADL测试,比较3种量表在AD筛查中的有效性及优缺点.结果在AD组和非AD组之间,MMSE和ADL得分有显著性差异,HIS得分无差异性.MMSE、HIS、ADL 3组量表敏感性分别为92.86%、100%、89.28%,特异性分别为85.71%、42.86%、60.71%,准确性分别为89.28%、71.43%、75.00%.结论3组量表中MMSE敏感性、特异性和准确性均较好,HIS敏感性最高但特异性最低,ADL敏感性接近于MMSE但特异性稍低.MMSE适合于老年高风险人群的AD筛查,HIS和ADL必须考虑到筛查对象的具体流行病学特点配合MMSE进行AD筛查.