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Oumarou Farikou Flobert Njiokou Jean A. Mbida Mbida Guy R. Njitchouang Hugues Nana Djeunga Tazoacha Asonganyi Pere P. Simarro Gérard Cuny Anne Geiger 《Infection, genetics and evolution》2010,10(1):115-121
Epidemiological surveys were conducted in two historical human African trypanosomiasis foci in South Cameroon, Bipindi and Campo. In each focus, three sampling areas were defined. In Bipindi, only Glossina palpalis was identified, whereas four species were identified in Campo, G. palpalis being highly predominant (93%). For further analyses, 75 flies were randomly chosen among the flies trapped in each of the six villages. Large and statistically significant differences were recorded between both (1) the prevalence of Sodalis glossinidius (tsetse symbiont) and the prevalence of trypanosome infection of the major fly species G. p. palpalis and (2) the respective prevalence of symbiont and infection between the two foci. Despite these differences, the rate of infected flies harbouring the symbiont was very similar (75%) in both foci, suggesting that symbionts favour fly infection by trypanosomes. This hypothesis was statistically tested and assessed, showing that S. glossinidius is potentially an efficient target for controlling tsetse fly vectorial competence and consequently sleeping sickness. 相似文献
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Over the last 15 years, great improvements in genetic engineering and genetic manipulation strategies have led to significant
advances in the understanding of the genetics governing embryological limb development. This field of science continues to
develop, and the complex genetic interactions and signalling pathways are still not fully understood. In this review we will
discuss the roles of the principle genes involved in the three-dimensional patterning of the developing limb and will discuss
how errors in these signalling cascades correlate to congenital limb deformity in humans. This review is aimed at orthopaedic
surgeons wishing to understand the principles of congenital limb deformity related to genetic signalling errors. It is by
no means a comprehensive study of the molecular genetics governing the complex interactions involved in each step of limb
development. There are however many syndromes involving limb deformity for which the molecular causes are unknown. 相似文献
996.
A review of U.S. and European clinical trials and cardiovascular prevention studies indicates a strong relation among cardiovascular disease risk factors and between metabolic factors and health behaviors established in youth. Social and behavioral determinants of risk are best modified by strategies applied in schools, families, and whole communities to provide a firm base for primordial prevention of risk factor development. This is illustrated with results from a European intervention trial and from observational studies in the young. 相似文献
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Tim B. Crook Iain J. Bissell Guy S. Barham David G. Hargreaves 《European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie》2008,18(4):307-310
Thirty-one primary total elbow replacements were implanted in 25 patients with rheumatoid arthritis between 2000 and 2004
by a surgeon. Twenty-six implants were GSB III. Seven were Coonrad–Morrey prostheses. The mean age of the patients was 70 years
(40–88); 18 women, 6 men. DASH scores were recorded pre-operatively and at their latest review. Patients were also assessed
according to the Mayo elbow performance score post-operatively. Mean follow-up was 29 months (8–55). The mean improvement
in DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand) was 25 (+6 to −45). The mean Mayo score (Corectly is the Mayo Elbow Score,
there is also a Mayo liver score and other scores prposed in this center) was 85 (15–100). One implant was removed following
deep infection (3%). One implant has been revised secondary to ulnar component fracture. Our overall major complication rate
was 7%. 相似文献
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The plasma sodium concentration, [Na]P, falls following major surgery and this fall is exacerbated by the administration of sodium-free or sodium-low intravenous fluids in the postoperative period. As a prelude to prospective, but controlled, studies we observed the range of [Na]P on admission for surgery in 477 patients. In 309 patients the extent of the change in [Na]P by the first postoperative day (delta [Na]) was related to the severity of the operation undergone (minor, moderate or major) and the volume of potentially hypo-osmolar intravenous fluid given. The mean admission [Na]P was significantly lower with increasing severity of proposed operation. A highly significant fall occurred in [Na]P following surgery of every grade; such falls in [Na]P were seen even when no potentially hypo-osmolar fluids were administered. A significant inverse relationship between admission [Na]P and delta [Na] was demonstrated. We conclude that [Na]P falls following surgery of any severity and that such falls occur even when exogenous dilution cannot be implicated as a cause. 相似文献
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