Biplane arteriography in ischemia of the lower extremity

A technique for simultaneous bilateral biplane arteriography of the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is described. The biplane views provided clinically significant information in approximately 40% of cases.     

The effect of enterectomy on gastric secretion in dogs with biliary fistulas

Bile was excluded from the gastrointestinal tract of 5 dogs with Heidenhain pouches by total external biliary fistulas. After a major portion of the jejunum and the ileum was resected Heidenhain pouch secretions increased in all instances. The results indicate that the increase in gastric secretion which regularly follows small-bowel resection is independent of the presence or absence of bile in the gastrointestinal tract.Supported by Grant AM-7750 from the US Public Health Service.The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the US Air Force Medical Service.     

Treatment of chronic bursitis by a local cryogenic procedure

Treatment of 92 patients with bursitis of different localizations by routine methods was followed by recidivations in 51.1% of the cases. Seventy patients were treated by cryodestruction. The follow-up observation of the patients during 1-2 years did not reveal any recidivations.     

Transcutaneous dilation tracheostomy in the acute period in patients with penetrating craniofacial injury complicated by intracranial hypertension

Early tracheotomy is well founded in severe brain injury involving the facial skeleton and skull case. Intracranial hypertension interferes with the safe performance of an operation. The authors developed a procedure for safe paracentetic dilatation tracheostomy (PDT) in the acute phase of severe brain injury. The study covered 15 patients with severe brain craniofacial injury. Surgery was made under intravenous anesthesia (with hypnotics, myorelaxants, narcotic analgesics, and cholinolytic agents). PDT was performed by the combined procedure developed by Sigley and Griegse ("Portex and COOK") under endoscopic guidance (Karl Storz 11001 BN1), by displaying the images. The patient is put to bed, without placing a bolster under the shoulders, the bed head end being elevated at an angle of 30 degrees. Bronchoscopic monitoring was made discretely (20-60 sec) under artificial ventilation through a special connector. There were 3-6 sessions of bronchoscopies. Tracheostomy lasted as long as 24 hours in 5 patients, 48 hours in 12 patients; surgery was made in 7 patients on day 3 after injury. Prior to tracheostomy, a horizontalization test was conducted, which revealed an elevation of intracranial pressure (> or = 20 mm Hg). There were no episodes of intracranial hypertension during tracheostomy. PDT can be safely made in patients with intracranial hypertension when they are put to bed, without placing a bolster under the shoulder, the bed head end being elevated at an angle of 30 degrees under discrete bronchoscopic guidance.     

Transcutaneous dilation tracheostomy in children

The paper presents the experience of transcutaneous dilatation tracheostomy (TDT) in 16 children. Up to date, childhood has been a contraindication for TDT. The experience gained at the Department of Resuscitation, Institute of Neurosurgery, in performing TDT in more than 300 adult patients has permitted this procedure to be also used in childhood. Based on the analysis of the outcome of 16 TDTs, the authors have posed indications for TDT, its performance modification, approaches to preventing perioperative complications, by taking into account the anatomic and physiological characteristics of childhood.     

Women at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease Lack Knowledge of Heart Attack Symptoms

Background:

It is not known whether cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk level is related to knowledge of the leading cause of death of women or heart attack symptoms.

Hypothesis:

Women with higher CVD risk estimated by Framingham Risk Score (FRS) or metabolic syndrome (MS) have lower CVD knowledge.

Methods:

Women visiting primary care clinics completed a standardized behavioral risk questionnaire. Blood pressure, weight, height, waist size, fasting glucose, and lipid profile were assessed. Women were queried regarding CVD knowledge.

Results:

Participants (N = 823) were Hispanic women (46%), non‐Hispanic white (37%), and non‐Hispanic black (8%). FRS was determined in 278: low (63%), moderate (29%), and high (8%); 24% had ≥3 components of MS. The leading cause of death was answered correctly by 54%, heart attack symptoms by 67%. Knowledge was lowest among racial/ethnic minorities and those with less education (both P< 0.001). Increasing FRS was inversely associated with knowing the leading cause of death (low 72%, moderate 68%, high 45%, P = 0.045). After multivariable adjustment, moderate/high FRS was inversely associated with knowing symptoms (moderate odds ratio [OR] 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28‐0.98; high OR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11–0.81), but not the leading cause of death. MS was inversely associated with knowing the leading cause of death (P< 0.001) or heart attack symptoms (P = 0.018), but not after multivariable adjustment.

Conclusions:

Women with higher FRS were less likely to know heart attack symptoms. Efforts to target those at higher CVD risk must persist, or the most vulnerable may suffer disproportionately, not only because of risk factors but also inadequate knowledge. Clin. Cardiol. 2011 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22092 This work was supported in part by the US Department of Health and Human Services (1HHCWH05003‐01‐11); Arlene and Joseph Taub Foundation, Paterson, New Jersey; Edwina and Charles Adler Foundation; and by Columbia University's CTSA grant, UL1‐RR024156 from the NCRR/NIH. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.     

High grade glioblastoma is associated with aberrant expression of ZFP57, a protein involved in gene imprinting,and of CPT1A and CPT1C that regulate fatty acid metabolism

The diagnosis of glioblastoma is still based on tumor histology, but emerging molecular diagnosis is becoming an important part of glioblastoma classification. Besides the well-known cell cycle-related circuitries that are associated with glioblastoma onset and development, new insights may be derived by looking at pathways involved in regulation of epigenetic phenomena and cellular metabolism, which may both be highly deregulated in cancer cells. We evaluated if in glioblastoma patients the high grade of malignancy could be associated with aberrant expression of some genes involved in regulation of epigenetic phenomena and lipid metabolism. We measured the mRNA levels of ZFP57, TRIM28, CPT1A, CPT1B, and CPT1C in a cohort of 80 patients divided in two groups: grade II and grade IV. We evidenced that high grade glioblastoma is associated with increased level of ZFP57, a protein involved in gene imprinting, and aberrant expression of CPT1A and CPT1C, regulators of fatty acid oxidation. Our study may pave the way to identify new markers that could be potentially useful for diagnosis and/or prognosis of glioblastoma.     

Disappearing and reappearing differences in drug‐eluting stent use by race

Rationale, aims and objectives Drug‐eluting coronary stents (DES) rapidly dominated the marketplace in the United States after approval in 2003, but utilization rates were initially lower among African American patients. We assess whether racial differences persisted as DES diffused into practice. Methods Medicare claims data were used to identify coronary stenting procedures among elderly patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Regression models of the choice of DES versus bare mental stent controlled for demographics, ACS type, co‐morbidities and hospital characteristics. Diffusion was assessed in the short run (2003–2004) and long run (2007), with the effect of race calculated to allow for time‐varying effects. Results The sample included 381 887 Medicare beneficiaries treated with stent insertion; approximately 5% were African American. Initially (May 2003–February 2004), African American race was associated with lower DES use compared to other races (44.3% versus 46.5%, P < 0.01). Once DES usage was high in all patients (March–December 2004), differences were not significant (79.8% versus 80.3%, P = 0.45). Subsequent concerns regarding DES safety caused reductions in DES use, with African Americans having lower use than other racial groups in 2007 (63.1% versus 65.2%, P < 0.01). Conclusions Racial disparities in DES use initially disappeared during a period of rapid diffusion and high usage rates; the reappearance of disparities in use by 2007 may reflect DES use tailored to unmeasured aspects of case mix and socio‐economic status. Further work is needed to understand whether underlying differences in race reflect decisions regarding treatment appropriateness.