Connections between attachment prototypes and relationship patterns

Connections between attachment styles and relationship patterns are studied on 32 female psychotherapy patients. Our study gives first hints to a connection between attachment variables, assessed by the German version of the Adult Attachment Prototype Rating (AAPR) and predominant relationship patterns, assessed by the Core Conflictual Relationship Theme Method (CCRT) developed by Luborsky, if both methods are used independently. Subsamples according to the attachment styles show differences in CCRT variables.     

The relationship patterns questionnaire (RPQ): validation by using a representative sample

In this study the present form of the Relationship Patterns Questionnaire (RePat) will be presented as a successor of the Interpersonal Relationship Patterns Questionnaire (IRQ). Similar to the IRQ the RePat assesses the behavior of relationship concerning both one's own and the anticipated behavior of an important person on the basis of the SASB model and the CCRT method. In contrast to the IRQ, the RePat is much shorter and thus easier to use. The study describes the construction and the psychometric examination of the questionnaire by using a representative study (n = 2007, East = 1015, West = 992). The samples of East and West Germany show structural differences concerning its relationship patterns, which in our opinion are plausible for political and historical reasons. The clinical application and their implications for therapeutic interventions will be demonstrated by a single case using both the patient's and her partner's assessment of their relationship.     

Phase III trial comparing chemotherapy plus once-daily or twice-daily radiotherapy in Stage III non-small-cell lung cancer

PURPOSE: This Phase III study was performed to determine whether chemotherapy plus b.i.d. or q.d. radiotherapy (RT) resulted in superior survival for patients with Stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients with Stage III NSCLC and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 相似文献   

Reduced N-acetylaspartate in the temporal cortex of rats reared in isolation.

BACKGROUND: Isolation rearing of rats is a nonpharmacologic, nonlesion manipulation that leads to deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) and other behavioral and neurochemical alterations reminiscent of schizophrenia. N-acetylaspartate (NAA) is present in high concentrations in the central nervous system and is found primarily in neurons. N-acetylaspartate is considered to be a marker of both neuronal loss and cellular dysfunction. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies have shown reductions of cortical and hippocampal NAA in schizophrenia, and a recent postmortem study has demonstrated a regionally selective temporal cortex deficit. METHODS: The aim of the present study was to determine whether rats reared in isolation exhibit deficits in PPI and reductions in NAA in discrete brain regions, namely the temporal cortex, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. RESULTS: Compared with socially housed rats, isolation rearing resulted in PPI deficits (p <.05) and reductions in NAA in the temporal cortex (p <.001), with no significant change in the other regions investigated. CONCLUSION: These results suggest a disturbance of neuronal function, reflected by NAA reductions in the temporal cortex in isolation-reared rats, providing further evidence that isolation rearing can mimic aspects of the neuronal pathology of schizophrenia.     

Quantitative estimation of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein activity in normal, dysplastic, and neoplastic human breast tissue

A technique for reproduction and quantitative determination of human cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) activity in breast tissue specimens is described. A multiphasic polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis system (operative at pH 10.2) was adapted for this purpose. This technique allows, after incubation with tritiated retinoic acid (RA) overnight, the separation of the specific CRABP activity from the nonspecific serum-originated binding activity and from the free RA. Previous purification of the tissue cytosols is therefore not necessary. The same assay method was also used for the determination of the molecular weight (Ferguson plot, m.w. 13,000) and the dissociation constant Kd (2.5 x 10(-7) M) of mammary CRABP. The activity in tissue cytosol, stored at -70 degrees, was found to be stable for at least 3 months. Results from 88 breast tissue specimens of different pathological degree are presented. CRABP activity was found in all tissue categories with progressively increasing amounts from normal tissue to breast cancer. The activity in the cancer tissues (14.85 +/- 12.05 pmol RA bound per mg soluble protein: N = 27) was significantly different (p less than 0.001) from the activity determined in tissue with simple dysplasia without epithelial proliferation [4.3 +/- 2.2 (S.D.) pmol RA bound per mg protein; N = 30]. It is possible that in the cases where high amounts of CRABP activity are found in dysplastic and preneoplastic tissue, a high risk for breast cancer development exists. Therefore, CRABP is tentatively proposed as a dedifferentiation and/or proliferation marker.     

Decay of murine intestinal epithelial cells under extrusion.

Electron microscopic findings of this study revealed 2 types of extrusion of brush border cells from the summits of intestinal villi: a) By expansion of initial vacuolation the degenerating cell enlarges and elevates itself above the level of the extrusion zone. Cells about to lift become sphered and are shed into the lumen for degradation to continue. b) Another group of cells vacuolating to a similar extend already may start apical decay in situ. In this case mechanical elevation, apparently, is inefficient or retarded such as to offer a cell the opportunity to decompose at its proper place in the mucosal lining. Contrary to type A extrusion, i.e. the desquamation of the entire degenerating cell, type B produces cellular debris to be shed into the lumen. Either type of exfoliation may be associated with the formation of gaps the closure of which proceeds slowly. The light microscopic test of cell viability by means of horseradish peroxidase demonstrated many brush border cells leaky such as to become loaded with the tracer irrespective of its vascular or enteric approach to the extrusion zone. Damage of the cell membrane due to a brief pretreatment with digitonin resulted in a dramatic rise of horseradish peroxidase positive cells. With respect to these findings, one cannot escape the conclusion that both types of extrusion confer intermittent leakage on the summits of intestinal villi which at least could account for part of the diffusion of macromolecules in either direction.