Prevalence of Candida spp., xerostomia,and hyposalivation in oral lichen planus – A controlled study

Objective

To determine the frequency of Candida spp., xerostomia, and salivary flow rate (SFR) in three different groups: patients with OLP (OLP group), patients with oral mucosal lesions other than OLP (non‐OLP group), and subjects without oral mucosal lesions (control group).

Material and methods

Xerostomia as well as SFR was investigated in the three groups. Samples for isolation of Candida spp. were collected from OLP lesions (38 patients), non‐OLP lesions (28 patients), and healthy subjects (32 subjects).

Results

There was no statistically significant difference regarding the frequency of xerostomia and hyposalivation among the three groups (P > 0.05). A higher prevalence for colonization by Candida spp. was found in the healthy subject as compared to that of patients with OLP (P = 0.03) and non‐OLP (P = 0.02) groups. Low SFR was not a factor for colonization by Candida spp.

Conclusions

Xerostomia and hyposalivation occur with similar frequency in subjects with and without oral lesions; also, the presence of oral lesions does not increase the susceptibility to colonization by Candida spp. It seems that any study implicating Candida spp. in the malignant transformation of oral lesions should be carried out mostly on a biochemical basis, that is, by testing the capability of Candida spp. to produce carcinogenic enzyme.     

B超引导下臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的效果及安全性

目的研究B超引导下臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的临床效果及安全性。方法将本院行上肢手术的90例患者随机分为对照组(n=48)和B超引导组(n=42)。对照组以盲探的方法行臂丛神经阻滞麻醉,B超引导组在B型超声仪引导下行臂丛神经阻滞麻醉。比较两组的麻醉效果。结果B超引导组感觉阻滞起效时间、麻醉药物使用剂量均优于对照组,但麻醉操作时间长于对照组(P<0.05)。B超引导组不同臂丛神经的感觉阻滞完善率均高于对照组,并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论与盲探法相比,B超引导下行臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的麻醉操作时间虽然有所延长,然而麻醉效果佳,能够缩短感觉阻滞起效时间、减少麻醉药物用量,且安全性好。     

Parametric Optimization of Thin-Walled 3D Beams with Perforation Based on Homogenization and Soft Computing

The production of thin-walled beams with various cross-sections is increasingly automated and digitized. This allows producing complicated cross-section shapes with a very high precision. Thus, a new opportunity has appeared to optimize these types of products. The optimized parameters are not only the lengths of the individual sections of the cross section, but also the bending angles and openings along the beam length. The simultaneous maximization of the compressive, bending and shear stiffness as well as the minimization of the production cost or the weight of the element makes the problem a multi-criteria issue. The paper proposes a complete procedure for optimizing various open sections of thin-walled beam with different openings along its length. The procedure is based on the developed algorithms for traditional and soft computing optimization as well as the original numerical homogenization method. Although the work uses the finite element method (FEM), no computational stress analyses are required, i.e., solving the system of equations, except for building a full stiffness matrix of the optimized element. The shell-to-beam homogenization procedure used is based on equivalence strain energy between the full 3D representative volume element (RVE) and its beam representation. The proposed procedure allows for quick optimization of any open sections of thin-walled beams in a few simple steps. The procedure can be easily implemented in any development environment, for instance in MATLAB, as it was done in this paper.     

鼻内镜下咽鼓管置管术治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的探索有效治疗分泌性中耳炎的方法。方法将分泌性中耳炎患者63例（78耳）随机分成两组：实验组：在鼻内镜下,对31例（38耳）分泌性中耳炎患者行咽鼓管置管术,留管并反复注药治疗;对照组：对32例（40耳）患者使用传统的鼓膜切开置管术治疗,术后随访6～9个月,比较两组疗效。结果实验组治愈16耳,占42．1％,好转18耳,占47．4％,总有效率89．5％：对照组：治愈8耳,占20．0％,好转21耳,占52.5％,总有效率72．5％。治疗后两组差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论在鼻内镜下行咽鼓管置管术是在直视下操作,通过咽鼓管的自然通道插入导管,不仅避免了损伤鼓膜,也避免了咽鼓管吹张的重复操作,为临床治疗分泌性中耳炎提供了一个良好途径。     

大黄抑制鼠疫耶尔森菌的基因芯片检测

目的 研究基因组芯片检测大黄抑制鼠疫耶尔森菌分子机制的方法 .方法 使用的鼠疫耶尔森菌全基因组芯片包含4005条鼠疫耶尔森菌基囚.应用液体稀释法测定大黄对鼠疫耶尔森菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),基因芯片表达谱实验中,大黄作用鼠疫耶尔森菌的浓度为10×MIC,作用时间为30 min,提取并纯化鼠疫耶尔森菌总RNA,反转录合成cDNA,用Cy3,Cy5染料标记后,与鼠疫耶尔森菌全基因组芯片杂交,通过芯片扫描仪获得表达谱分析结果 .应用实时定量PCR技术对芯片结果 进行验证.结果 大黄对鼠疫耶尔森菌的MIC为0.02500 kg/L.获得了大黄作用鼠疫耶尔森菌的基因芯片表达谱.大黄作用鼠疫菌的明显差异表达基凶共有498个,上渊基闪358个,下凋基因140个.结论 应用鼠疫耶尔森菌全基因组DNA芯片可以进行大黄抑制鼠疫耶尔森菌的分子作用机制研究.     

左腋动脉和臂丛神经走行变异1例

笔者在标本解剖操作观察腋窝结构时发现1例左侧腋动脉与臂丛神经位置及走行出现变异,既往文献报道的变异多为腋动脉发出的分支与臂丛神经之间的位置与走行之间变异^[1-3],本次解剖观察发现腋动脉与臂丛神经的内侧束、外侧束和后束之间的位置关系出现变异,与既往报道有所不同,现报告如下。     

社区护理人员开展健康教育的调查分析

目的 通过了解新疆石河子市社区卫生服务机构护理人员开展健康教育的现状,分析影响因素,为社区护士科学有效地开展健康教育提供依据.方法 采用问卷调查,对本市社区卫生服务机构的151名护理人员进行了调查.结果 社区护士普遍开展了健康教育,主要是通过健康咨询的方式宣传健康的生活方式和慢性病的防治知识,护士在健康教育过程中面临的最大困难依次是缺少资金、社区居民观念跟不上和缺少社区护士.结论 社区健康教育的对象主要为服务站的就诊者,内容和形式单一,且不够深入,社区护士缺乏健康教育的理论与技能,在健康教育与健康促进方面没有发挥应有的作用,应引起社区护理管理者的重视,制定切实可行的措施,发挥社区护士在健康教育中的作用.     

自体外周血造血干细胞联合自体骨髓移植治疗难治性淋巴瘤的临床分析

本研究通过回顾性分析自体外周造血干细胞移植、自体骨髓移植及二者联合移植在治疗难治性恶性淋巴瘤的疗效、毒副作用、造血和免疫功能恢复速度等临床方面的差异,总结归纳三种不同移植方式在治疗难治性淋巴瘤方面的优劣。68例难治性恶性淋巴瘤患者接受了大剂量放化疗结合自体造血干细胞移植治疗,其中10例患者为单一自体骨髓移植（autologous bone marrow transplantation,ABMT）,46例患者为单一自体外周血造血干细胞移植（autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,APBHSCT）,12例患者为自体外周血造血干细胞联合自体骨髓移植（autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells transplantation combined with autologous bone marrow transplantation,APBHSCT＋ABMT）。结果表明：ABMT、APBHSCT、APBHSCT＋ABMT的治疗有效率和1、3、5年生存率分别为（90％和75％、57．1％、33．3％）;（86．4％和74．4％、54．2％、38．1％）;（83．3％和72．7％、55．6％、40％）。白细胞恢复时间分别为13天、11天、8天,血小板恢复时间分别为17天、14天、9天。在移植后3个月、6个月、1年时检测ABMT、APBHSCT、APBHSCT＋ABMT患者T细胞亚群正常率分别为（0％、33．3％、60％）,（10．8％、32％、73．9％）,（27．3％、55．6％、85．7％）。结论：自体外周血造血干细胞联合自体骨髓移植与单一自体外周造血干细胞移植治疗难治性恶性淋巴瘤的临床疗效和毒副作用当,但联合造血干细胞移植（APBHSCT＋ABMT）患者的造血功能恢复略快,有利于拓宽年龄偏大和造血功能受损患者移植方式的选择。