Lateral substitution for chronic isolated anterior cruciate ligament deficiency

Thirty-five patients who had been surgically treated for major symptomatic isolated chronic anterior cruciate ligament deficiency by lateral extra-articular reconstruction alone were reviewed at an average of five years after operation. Seventy-seven per cent of patients reviewed were improved subjectively, and 83% of patients who were examined had objective evidence of only minor instability or none at follow-up. However, only a few patients had "normal" knees and many continued to have minor symptoms of instability with some restriction of activity. Most of the unsatisfactory results were in patients with significant chondral pathology at the time of reconstruction. While an extra-articular pivot-shift repair did not correct all the symptoms and signs completely, most patients were improved subjectively and objectively, and there were few complications.     

Delayed Tc-99m-PMT imaging in the specific diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

The results of Tc-99m-PMT imaging on 100 patients with various malignant and benign hepatic diseases verified histologically (73 hepatocellular carcinoma, 3 liver cell adenoma, 1 cholangiocarcinoma, 5 metastatic liver carcinoma, 2 liver cyst, 12 hemangioma, 1 fatty degeneration, 1 liver regeneration, 1 postoperative liver fibrosis and 1 liver cirrhosis) are reported. All lesions appeared as decreased radioactivity or "cold" defect region on early Tc-99m-PMT imaging, rendering it valuable for the diagnosis of tumor localization. In 92 (95.8%) of the 96 patients with various hepatic tumors and 25 (86.2%) of the 29 patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (less than 5 cm), the tumors were localized by early Tc-99m-PMT imaging. In 14 of the 73 patients with established hepatocellular carcinoma, the tumors gave greater radioactivity than that of the surrounding liver tissues, whereas in 31 patients the radioactivity of the tumor equalled the normal liver on delayed Tc-99m-PMT imaging (positive rate 61.6%). There was no significant difference between the positive rates of serum AFP level and the tumor size shown by delayed Tc-99m-PMT imaging in hepatocellular carcinomas. The radioactivity in 3 liver cell adenoma patients was similar to the gallbladder. No false positive result was seen in the other malignant and benign hepatic tumors. This study indicates that delayed Tc-99m-PMT imaging is highly specific in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.     

MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY AND MITOCHONDRIAL ENCEPHALOMYOPATHY

This paper is the first report of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy and mitochondrial myopathy diagnosed in China. It includes l case of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidemia and stroke-Iike episodes (MELAS), 5 cases of mitochondrial myopathy with skeletal muscles predominantly involved, and 2 cases of mitochondrial myopathy with external ocular muscles predominantly involved. The diagnosis was confirmed by muscle biopsies which revealed the "ragged-red-fiber" CRRF) in modified Gomori trichrome CMGT) stain, accumulation of lipie droplets in oil-red-O stain in frozen sections, and aggregates of abnormal mitochondria with complex paracrystalline inclusions and distorted cristae and osmiophilic dense bodies in their matrix in electron microscopy.     

Neural interactions mediating the detection of motion in the retina of the tiger salamander

The neural circuitry underlying movement detection was inferred from studies of amacrine cells under whole-cell patch clamp in retinal slices. Cells were identified by Lucifer yellow staining. Synaptic inputs were driven by "puffing" transmitter substances at the dendrites of presynaptic cells. Spatial sensitivity profiles for amacrine cells were measured by puffing transmitter substances along the lateral spread of their processes. Synaptic pathways were separated and identified with appropriate pre- and postsynaptic pharmacological blocking agents. Two distinct amacrine cell types were found: one with narrow spread of processes that received sustained excitatory synaptic current, the other with very wide spread of processes that received transient excitatory synaptic currents. The transient currents found only in the wide-field amacrine cell were formed presynaptically at GABAB receptors. They could be blocked with baclofen, a GABAB agonist, and their time course was extended by AVA, a GABAB antagonist. Baclofen and AVA had no direct affect upon the wide-field amacrine cell, but picrotoxin blocked a separate, direct GABA input to this cell. The narrow-field amacrine cell was shown to be GABAergic by counterstaining with anti-GABA antiserum after it was filled with Lucifer yellow. Its narrow, spatial profile and sustained synaptic input are properties that closely match those of the GABAergic antagonistic signal that forms transient activity (described above), suggesting that the narrow-field amacrine cell itself is the source of the GABAergic interaction mediating transient activity in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Other work has shown a GABAB sensitivity at some bipolar terminals, suggesting a population of bipolars as the probable site of interaction mediating transient action. The results suggest that two local populations of amacrine cell types (sustained and transient) interact with the two populations of bipolar cell types (transient forming and nontransient forming). These interactions underlie the formation of the change-detecting subunits. We suggest that local populations of these subunits converge to form the receptive fields of movement-detecting ganglion cells.     

Dose-response curves of homovanillic acid in pre-frontal cortex and caudate following antipsychotic drugs: relation to clinical potencies

Dose-response curves for the elevation of homovanillic acid (HVA) levels, determined by high performance liquid chromatography using electrochemical detection, in the pre-frontal cortex and caudate of rats after acute treatment with 12 antipsychotic drugs are presented. The order of potency in both brain regions was: haloperidol fluphenazine > loxapine > trifluoperazine > thiothixene > molindone > clopenthixol > chlorpromazine > metoclopramide > thioridazine > clozapine > sulpiride. This ranking is roughly correlated with that based on clinical potencies. The relative elevation of the content of HVA was weaker in the pre-frontal cortex than in the caudate for all drugs tested, except clozapine at a high dose.     

The Relationship of pK a and Acute Skin Irritation in Man

The relationship between pK _a and skin irritation in man is studied for a homologous series of benzoic acid derivatives, which permeate through human skin at comparable rates (15–88 µg/cm²/hr). Skin irritation and pK _a are correlated for pK _a 4. Laser Doppler velocimetric assessment of skin blood flow, color meter readings, erythema, edema, and the primary irritation index are all linearly correlated and related to pK _a, erythema at 24 hr appears to be the most sensitive parameter to variation in pK _a when pK _a 4.     

活血化瘀法治疗实验性腹膜炎

本实验在大白鼠腹膜炎的早期单独使用丹参为主的活血化瘀药进行治疗,以加速渗出的纤维蛋白(原)的吸收,促进腹腔内感染的清除与消散。实验结果表明给药组动物的死亡率明显低于对照组,其病理改变也明显减轻,从而为在腹膜炎治疗的早期和中期应用活血化瘀药提供了实验依据。     

CBL教学联合三维成像技术在胸外科见习教学中的应用

目的 探讨以案例为基础的学习（case-based learning,CBL）联合三维成像技术在胸外科见习教学中的应用效果。方法 选取2019年在扬州大学附属医院胸外科见习的90名学生,按照随机数字表法分为常规理论授课组（A组）、CBL教学组（B组）和CBL教学联合三维成像技术组（C组）。其中A组行常规理论授课;B组行CBL教学;C组在CBL的基础上,使用三维成像软件利用CT数据对患者的影像资料进行三维重建。分别评估两组的理论考试成绩,并对学生进行问卷调查（包括教学是否有利于激发学习兴趣和热情、是否有利于临床思维的建立、教学方法优劣的评价、是否有利于理论知识的掌握）。采用 SPSS 20.0 进行方差分析、t 检验和卡方检验。结果 理论成绩A组（85.83±4.62）为3组最低;B组理论成绩（89.71±5.84）低于C组（94.60±6.28）;答题时间C组（286.68±77.56） s为3组最低,B组（359.78±80.55） s低于A组（423.31±83.53） s,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。在教学是否有利于激发学习兴趣和热情、是否有利于临床思维的建立、教学方法优劣的评价、是否有利于理论知识的掌握等方面C组优于B组和A组,B组又优于A组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论 CBL教学联合三维重建技术,提高了胸外科见习学生对教学方法的认可度,提升了学生的理论成绩,激发了学生的学习兴趣和热情、培养了其临床思维,增加了其对理论知识的掌握。     

混合式教学联合Jigsaw教学在护理本科实习生动脉血标本采集中的应用

目的　探讨线上线下混合式教学联合Jigsaw教学在护理本科实习生动脉血标本采集中的应用效果。方法　用随机数字表法将135名护理本科实习生分成试验组（n=66）和对照组（n=69）。试验组采用混合式教学联合Jigsaw教学,对照组采用混合式联合PBL教学。对两组进行课前课后理论测试、培训后技能考核、护理临床决策意识量表及教学满意度调查。采用SPSS 28.0进行t检验和卡方检验。结果　教学后,试验组课程总成绩、理论测试及技能考核成绩均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。试验组临床决策意识量表总得分及各维度得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。试验组教学满意度为92.42%（61/66）,高于对照组69.57%（48/69）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　混合式教学联合Jigsaw教学用于护理本科实习生动脉血标本采集,有利于提升护生学习成绩及护理临床决策能力。     

PBL-CBL整合教学在内分泌科轮转临床医学专业学位研究生培养中的应用

目的 探讨以问题为基础的学习（problem-based learning,PBL）-以案例为基础的学习（case-based learning,CBL） 整合教学在内分泌科轮转临床医学专业学位研究生培养的效果。方法 将80名在内分泌科轮转的临床医学专业学位研究生随机分为试验组（采用PBL-CBL整合教学）和对照组（采用传统教学）,每组40人,轮转期为3个月。记录两组学生入科和出科时专业考试成绩,并通过问卷调查分析自信心、学习主动性和人际交往能力。采用SPSS 20.0进行t检验、卡方检验。结果 两组学生基线情况一致,经过3个月的转轮期后,与入科前相比,试验组学生的出科考试成绩、自信心、学习主动性和人际交往能力明显提升,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论 PBL-CBL整合教学效果优于传统教学,有助于提高临床医学专业学位研究生在内分泌轮转的学习能力和成绩,值得推广。