腹腔镜直肠前切除术后吻合口漏的预防和处理

目的探讨腹腔镜下直肠癌前切除术术后吻合口漏的预防和治疗对策。方法回顾2001年9月至2006年11月对227例直肠癌患者行腹腔镜直肠前切除术的临床资料。前期（90例）主要通过保护性造口预防和治疗吻合口漏,后期（137例）采用充分的引流、留置肛管、使用生物蛋白胶等预防措施和保守治疗方法。计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用χ^2检验。结果227例中12例（5.28%）术后发生吻合口漏。前期和后期手术后吻合口漏发生率分别为5.6%（5/90）、5.1% （7/137）,χ^2=0.022,P=0.88,但前期5例吻合口漏中有4例行腹腔镜再手术并预防性造口,后期手术中6例（占6/7）吻合口漏经保守治疗后愈合,另1例因术后早期发生吻合口漏而接受再手术。5例再手术均于腹腔镜下完成,无中转开腹病例,后期再手术1例未行保护性造口。结论腹腔镜下再手术是治疗直肠手术后吻合口漏的有效方式,腹腔镜于术预防吻合口漏的一系列措施增加了保守治疗的成功率。     

重症急性胰腺炎术后胰腺感染病原菌及药物敏感性分析

目的分析因重症急性胰腺炎行引流手术且术后合并胰腺感染患者的细菌学及药敏报告,为重症急性胰腺炎术后感染的抗生素应用提供临床参考。方法收集2003年1月—2006年4月间86例重症急性胰腺炎术后患者腹腔引流物标本,对标本进行细菌培养,检测菌株对抗生素的耐药情况。结果86例患者中共分离出276株细菌,检出率分别为阴沟肠杆菌（12．3％）、铜绿假单胞菌（10．9％）、金黄色葡萄球菌（9．4％）、其他葡萄球菌（9．4％）、D群链球菌（9．4％）、粪肠球菌（8．7％）、大肠埃希菌（8．7％）、表皮葡萄球菌（6．5％）、肺炎克雷伯菌（4．3％）、屎肠球菌（4．3％）。药敏分析及耐药试验表明重症急性胰腺炎术后胰腺感染耐药严重,对于革兰阳性球菌,万古霉素和替考拉宁尚保持了较好的抗菌活性,对于革兰阴性杆菌仅碳青酶烯类抗生素对其存在较好的抗菌活性。结论对重症急性胰腺炎术后胰腺感染患者,大部分菌株广泛耐药,临床上应依据细菌药物敏感性结果,不断调整抗生素。     

大鼠脊髓横断性损伤后细胞周期蛋白D3的表达变化

目的 探讨细胞周期蛋白D3（Cyclin D3）在横断性脊髓损伤（tSCI）后的表达变化以及定位情况。方法 将48只成年SD大鼠随机分为8组：正常对照组，T9横断伤2、8h、1、3、5、7和14d组，每组6只。采用Western blot测定损伤后各时间段Cyclin D3蛋白水平在脊髓中的表达变化。采用免疫组织化学方法检测Cyclin D3在正常以及损伤后脊髓中的分布和定位。结果 West—emblot显示，Cyclin D3蛋白水平在tSCI后头、尾段均呈现先升高后下降的趋势，尾段明显：Cyclin D3的表达于损伤后8h开始逐渐升高，3d达到高峰，一直持续到第5天，之后逐渐下降。免疫组织化学表明Cyclin D3在正常脊髓中均匀分布，损伤后3d，Cyclin D3在脊髓白质和灰质中表达明显增强；免疫荧光双标记表明Cyclin D3与神经元的标记物neuronal nucleus（NeuN）、少突胶质细胞标记物cyclic nucleotide 3’phosphohydrolase（CNPase）有明显共定位，与星形胶质细胞标记物gtial fibrillary acidic protein（GFAP）和小胶质细胞标记物OX-42也存在部分共定位。结论脊髓损伤后Cyc—lin D3蛋白水平呈现明显的时相变化，并且与神经元、少突胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞存在共定位，提示Cyclin D3参与了脊髓损伤后的病理生理过程。     

Height outcome of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency

Objective:To retrospectively investigate the height outcome of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia(CAH)due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency(21-OHD).Methods:The 135 CAH patients with 21-OHD diagnosed in our hospital from Jan 1980 to Oct 2006 were retrospectively analyzed.The investigated parameters included final height(FH),FH standard deviation score(FH SDS),target height SDS(TH SDS),difference between TH and FH(TH-FH),FH SDS-TH SDS,the age of onset of sexual development,and the difference between bone age and chronological age(BA-CA)when patients got the FH.Results:Among the 135 patients,female/male=108/27.Mean FH was(156.8±5.4)cm(n=14)and(150.8±6.8)cm(n=76)for males and females,respectively.Mean FH SDS was(-0.6±0.8)(n=13)and(0.2±1.2)(n=54)for males and females,respectively.Sexual development began at(5.2±1.7)years old(y/o)(n=13)and(7.9±3.2)y/o(n=43)in males and females,respectively.Conclusions:The FH of CAH patients with 21-OHD was lower than that of the normal range.Effect of the disease on the height growth in male patients was more severe than that in females.All patients began sexual development much earlier than the normal age-matched group.Male patients began their sexual development even earlier.     

Impaired hepatic regeneration by ischemic preconditioning in a rat model of small-for-size liver transplantation

OBJECTIVE: Graft size is one of the major risk factors in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation and rapid regeneration is an essential post-operative requirement. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been shown to be an effective strategy in the reduction of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and stimulation of liver regeneration. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of IPC on liver regeneration in small-for-size liver grafts. METHODS: We employed a rat orthotopic liver transplantation model using small-for-size (30%) grafts, in the presence or absence (control) of IPC (10 min of ischemia followed by 15 min of reperfusion). Survival rate, graft injury, hepatocellular proliferation, cell cycle progression, Stat3 activation, as well as TNF-alpha and IL-6 expression were assessed. RESULTS: IPC significantly enhanced the extent of graft injury and hindered hepatic regeneration in small-for-size liver grafts. The 7-day survival rate was also reduced by IPC, but failed to reach statistical significance. IPC did not affect TNF-alpha levels, but significantly decreased the elevation of IL-6 after reperfusion. These findings were correlated with down-regulation of cyclin E and cyclin D1, and decreased numbers of PCNA-positive nuclei in IPC grafts. These results were inconsistent with Stat3 activation, as P-Stat3 exhibited a stronger and prolonged pattern of expression in the IPC group, compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: Ischemic preconditioning may impair liver regeneration in small-for-size liver grafts by decreasing IL-6 and blunting cell cycle progression, through a mechanism at least partially independent of Stat3.     

Anti-LFA-1 improves pig islet xenograft function in diabetic mice when long-term acceptance is induced by CTLA4Ig/anti-CD40L

BACKGROUND: It has been previously demonstrated that addition of anti-LFA-1 to a combination of CTLA4Ig and anti-CD40L induces the permanent acceptance of dopaminergic fetal pig xenografts when transplanted into the brain of wild-type mice. The purpose of this study was to test whether this costimulation blockade also can induce acceptance of adult pig islets transplanted to C57BL/6 mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. METHODS: Recipients were treated with CTLA4Ig/anti-CD40L+/-anti-LFA-1 or isotype control antibodies during the first week after transplantation. Half of the costimulation blockade-treated recipients had their grafts removed after 8 weeks. The other half was observed up to 5 months. RESULTS: Recipients treated with CTLA4Ig/anti-CD40L/anti-LFA-1 had significantly lower blood glucose and gained more weight than CTLA4Ig/anti-CD40L-treated recipients. CTLA4Ig/anti-CD40L-treated recipients exhibited unstable blood glucose. IPGTT of these recipients revealed a slow recovery to normal blood glucose levels at week 4. In comparison, CTLA4Ig/anti-CD40L/anti-LFA-1 treated recipients exhibited a significantly superior glucose clearance. CTLA4Ig/anti-CD40L+/-anti-LFA-1 treated recipients did not produce anti-pig IgG, whereas control antibody-treated mice did. CD4+ T cells from costimulation blockade-treated recipients proliferated less than CD4+ T cells from control antibody-treated mice when co-cultured with syngeneic antigen presenting cells loaded with pig islet antigens. CONCLUSIONS: CTLA4Ig/anti-CD40L/anti-LFA-1-treated recipients had superior islet function compared with CTLA4Ig/anti-CD40L-treated recipients. However, both costimulation blockade regimens led to islet graft acceptance up to 5 months after a 1-week treatment.     

肝硬化大鼠部分肝切除后TGF-α和C-met蛋白在肝脏中的表达及其意义

目的：研究转化生长因子－α（TGF－α），C-met蛋白在肝硬化大鼠肝脏中的表达及意义。方法：将成年雄性Wistar大鼠制作为肝硬化大鼠，然后将肝脏部分切除制作肝再生模型。随机分为7组，一组立即处死，计算肝切除率；其他组分别于术后12h,1d,3d,5d,7d,14d处死。用免疫组织化学方法检测TGF－α和C-met蛋白在肝细胞中的表达，以正常大鼠肝再生模型为对照。结果：肝硬化大鼠部分肝脏切除后不同时间肝中TGF－α，C－met蛋白表达的变化均较正常大鼠延迟。结论：TGF－α和C-met在肝脏中的表达显示，硬化肝脏具有再生能力，但较正常肝脏弱。     

血管内皮生长因子与E-钙粘蛋白在胆囊癌组织中的表达研究

目的：探讨血管内皮生长因子（Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)与F－钙粘蛋白（E－Cad)在胆囊癌组织中的表达及与胆囊癌发生发展的关系。方法：应用免疫组织化学法检测14例胆囊腺癌和41例胆囊癌组织中VEGF、E－Cad的表达。结果：VEGF阳性表达率胆囊腺瘤中为42．86％，胆囊癌组织中为80．49％，二者差异有显著意义（P＜0．05），E－Cad在胆囊腺瘤中仅1例表达减弱，而在胆囊癌组织中表达减弱或不表达占68．29％（28／41），差异有非常显著意义（P＜0．01）。胆囊癌直径≥2cm及侵及浆膜组VEGF表达升高，而E－Cad表达率明显降低，E－Cad表达率在远处转移组也明显降低。两者表达与肿瘤Nevin分期、组织学分级及有无淋巴结转移无关。结论：VEGF与E－Cad在胆囊癌发生和浸润转移过程中发挥重要作用，两者表达率的高低可作为预示胆囊癌进展及判断预后的指标。     

Laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch

The biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch combines a sleeve gastrectomy with a duodenoileal switch to achieve maximum weight loss. Consistent excess weight loss between 70% to 80% is achieved with acceptable decreased long-term nutritional complications. With a higher entry weight, the super obese patient (body mass index [BMI] >50 kg/m(2)) benefits the greatest from a procedure that produces a higher mean excess weight loss. The laparoscopic approach to this procedure has successfully created a surgical technique with optimum benefit and minimal morbidity, especially in the super obese patient.     

经皮椎间孔镜治疗腰椎管狭窄症临床疗效评价

目的:评价经皮椎间孔镜入路治疗腰椎管狭窄症的临床疗效,从而对临床手术适应证的选择提供一定的理论依据。方法:对2014年6月到2016年1月收治的87例腰椎管狭窄症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中男45例,女42例;年龄25～81岁,平均55.14岁;L_(3,4)8例,L_(4,5)61例,L_5S_118例,均采用经皮椎间孔镜经椎间孔入路进行减压手术。术前,术后3、6个月对患者的临床症状及神经功能采用VAS、ODI进行评估,并采用MacNab评分标准对疗效进行评定。结果:87例患者术后伤口均愈合良好,无并发症,均获得6个月以上的随访。术前及术后3、6个月,VAS评分(评分表按mm计算,总分为100分)分别为63.88±8.56、13.22±8.24、6.83±9.43;ODI评分为59.96±12.60、9.08±10.55、5.64±6.84,术后3、6个月与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。按照MacNab标准评定疗效,结果优41例,良30例,可7例,差9例。结论:经皮椎间孔镜入路治疗腰椎管狭窄症如果适应证选择恰当可以达到比较好的临床效果,对于黄韧带肥厚或者合并一些骨化狭窄的患者,则不能充分减压可能导致治疗效果不理想。