脑源性神经营养因子在形觉剥夺弱视大鼠视皮层的表达

目的:研究视觉发育期脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)在正常和剥夺弱视大鼠模型视皮层表达变化规律。方法:SD大鼠眼睑缝合行视觉剥夺,取大脑视皮层行尼氏染色进行形态学分析,用免疫组织化学SABC技术染色和计算机图形分析BDNF在P14,P21,P45,P120,MD鼠同侧视皮层17区的表达。结果:与正常组比较MD弱视大鼠视皮层神经元数目略减少,细胞突起数目未见明显减少,但神经元体积不一致,神经元体积变小、细胞核着色加深。BDNF在正常视皮层表达变化同视觉发育期一致,P14~P21表达渐强,P21表达高峰,P45表达降低,P120呈低表达,P14与P21组间差异有非常显著统计学意义(P<0.01),P14与P45组间差异无显著统计学意义(P>0.05),P45与P120组间差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.05);BDNF在MD弱视组视皮层呈持续低表达,与正常组比较具有非常显著的差异性(P<0.01)。结论:BDNF在视皮层的表达变化同视觉发育期相一致,其参与视觉发育关键期突触塑形,为弱视形成的分子学基础之一。     

自体脂肪移植在眼科应用

自体脂肪移植在临床应用已有100多年的历史。脂肪移植后组织学变化,脂肪存活机制以及脂肪移植体成活情况已有很多研究报道。在眼科临床主要应用真皮脂肪移植和颗粒脂肪移植,主要用于矫治各种眼球摘除术后眼窝塌陷、眼睑凹陷畸形、眼部皱纹等。本文就脂肪移植后基础研究以及眼科临床应用加以综述。     

青光眼诊疗中的人性化理念

青光眼有其特殊性,在新的医疗模式和当今的医疗形势、执业环境下,诊疗过程中尤其要注重人性化理念,在诊断上,用哲学的眼光辨证分析,在治疗上注重"个体化",强调认真履行医师应尽的职责义务,注重人文关怀,提高诊疗效果。     

Cornuside Is a Potential Agent against Alzheimer’s Disease via Orchestration of Reactive Astrocytes

Cornuside is an iridoid glycoside from Cornus officinalis, with the activities of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroprotection. In the present research, a triple-transgenic mice model of AD (3 × Tg-AD) was used to explore the beneficial actions and potential mechanism of cornuside on the memory deficits. We found that cornuside prominently alleviated neuronal injuries, reduced amyloid plaque pathology, inhibited Tau phosphorylation, and repaired synaptic damage. Additionally, cornuside lowered the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO), lowered the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Cornuside also significantly reduced the activation of astrocytes and modulated A1/A2 phenotypes by the AKT/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway. We further confirmed that LY294002 and Nrf2 silencing could block the cornuside-mediated phenotypic switch of C6 cells induced by microglia conditioned medium (MCM) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which indicated that the effects of cornuside in astrocyte activation are dependent on AKT/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, cornuside may regulate the phenotypic conversion of astrocytes, inhibit neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, improve synaptic plasticity, and alleviate cognitive impairment in mice through the AKT/Nrf2/NF-κB axis. Our present work provides an experimental foundation for further research and development of cornuside as a candidate drug for AD management.     

Study on the association between the polymorphism of MCP-1 rs1024611 and the genetic susceptibility of type 2 diabetes with sepsis

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) rs1024611 (-2518 A > G) polymorphism are associated with inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigate the relationship between MCP-1 rs1024611 polymorphism and genetic susceptibility of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with sepsis.Two hundred eighty-five patients with T2DM are divided into the diabetes with sepsis group (combined group, 113 cases) and the diabetes group (172 cases). Blood samples and corresponding clinical data were collected. MCP-1 rs1024611 polymorphism in blood samples was detected by pyrosequencing. Meanwhile, the expressions of MCP-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in blood samples were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The relationship between different genotypes of MCP-1 rs1024611 polymorphic locus and T2DM with sepsis was analyzed by combining with the clinical data of the patients.The frequencies of rs1024611 AG/GG genotypes and G allele in T2DM with sepsis group were significantly higher than those in T2DM patients without sepsis (P = .004 for AG/GG vs AA genotypes; P = .037 for G allele vs A allele). Subgroup analysis showed that the rs1024611 G allele frequency in the septic shock group was significantly higher than the general sepsis group (P = .02). The expressions of MCP-1 and TNF-α in GG genotypes in T2DM with sepsis group were significantly higher than AA or GA genotypes (P < .05).This study preliminarily showed that the rs1024611 A > G polymorphism within the promoter region of MCP-1 gene can upregulate the expression of MCP-1 gene and proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, which ultimately contributed to the predisposition and progression of T2DM with sepsis.     

Prevention and control strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumors in children during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Since the emergence of patients with COVID-19 in December 2019, the virus has rapidly spread worldwide. Children with malignant tumors are more prone to be infected and develop severe infections. Prevention and control of the pandemic and ensuring the progress of the cancer diagnosis and treatment is a significant problem in the current scenario. This article proposes a scientific management system for patients with solid tumors to guarantee emergency surgery, rationally arrange limited-term surgery, appropriately defer elective surgery, and guarantee regular chemotherapy, while protecting children from SARS-CoV-2 infection and ensuring the continuity of comprehensive diagnosis and treatment.     

儿童肾小球疾病不同标本转化型生长因子-β1检测结果的比较

目的　比较评价儿童肾小球疾病血浆、血清、尿液不同标本的转化型生长因子 β1(TGF β1)水平。方法　用ELISA方法测定 30例轻微病变、30例系膜增生性肾小球肾炎、2 4例IgA肾病、2 4例局灶节段性肾小球硬化患儿和 30例健康对照组儿童血浆、血清、尿液中的TGF β1水平。结果　尿液标本的TGF β1水平对各组的诊断有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而血浆、血清标本没有诊断意义 (P >0 0 5 )。血浆测定TGF β1灵敏度较血清好。血浆、尿液指标有较好的相关性 (r=0 85 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;血清与尿液仅有一定的相关性 (r=0 5 3,P <0 0 5 ) ;血浆与血清无显著相关性 (r =0 4 9,P >0 0 5 )。结论　尿液为检测肾炎患儿TGF β1水平的较好指标 ,血浆次之 ,血清最差。     

非那雄安联合特拉唑嗪对前列腺增生症围手术期腺体微血管密度的影响

目的通过对CD34和第Ⅷ因子相关抗原（FⅧ-Rag）在非那雄安联合特拉唑嗪治疗前列腺增生症围手术期中的表达及腺体微血管密度（MVD）的检测,探讨前列腺增生症围手术期非那雄安联合特拉唑嗪治疗后FⅧ-Rag、CD34与MVD的关系及其对手术的影响。方法设在围手术期联合应用非那雄安、特拉唑嗪为实验组,单独服用非那雄安治疗为对照组,采用免疫组化方法检测两组患者术后前列腺组织中CD34、FⅧ-Rag的表达,并检测其微血管密度。结果实验组与对照组CD34的表达值分别为（19.4±3.6）和（21.5±4.7）,FⅧ-Rag的表达值分别为（14.8±2.1）和（18.3±3.5）,差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。结论在前列腺增生症围手术期应用非那雄安联合特拉唑嗪治疗,可以降低前列腺腺体的微血管密度,有效减少手术中和手术后的出血。     

新天然来源抗生素-抗霉素A_(18)的抗肿瘤活性及其产生菌I07A-01824的生物学特征

目的检测抗霉素A18的体外抗肿瘤活性并对其产生菌I07A-01824的形态及培养特征,生理生化特征等进行研究。方法用MTT法检测抗霉素A18的肿瘤细胞生长抑制作用,用流式细胞术测定其对细胞周期的影响;按分类学常规方法研究菌株I07A-01824的形态及部分生理生化特征。结果抗霉素A18能够抑制人肝癌细胞HepG2、人口腔上皮癌细胞KB的生长;这两个细胞株均被阻滞在细胞周期的S期。菌株I07A-01824的形态及培养特征与已知种——黄白链霉菌(Streptomyces albidoflavus)一致。结论红树林内生放线菌是新抗生素的重要来源。     

药品价格国际比较参比国家遴选原则探讨

目的:为我国选取药品价格国际比较参比国家提供参考。方法:查阅相关文献,分析、总结国外药品价格国际比较的研究和案例,探讨参比国家遴选原则。结果:参比国家遴选主要遵循经济水平相似、地理位置相邻、报销机制相似、数据可获得、数量适宜等原则。结论:建议我国采用两个或两个以上原则选取参比国家,有必要的情况下还可以针对不同药品选取相应的参比国家。