体液中29种中枢神经系统药物的高效毛细管电泳系统分析方法

建立了高效毛细管电泳系统分析法,分析体液样品中29种CNS药物,作为CNS药物中毒的快速的初筛方法。血、尿样品用有机溶剂萃取,胃液直接进样。用酸、弱碱和中性3组缓冲液体系进行电泳分离。以组分与电渗流迁移时间之比的相对迁移时间和紫外吸收光谱为定性指标。最低检测浓度0.5～5μg·mL^-1。在此法基础上可增加分析品种。通用的提取方法可避免漏检,广谱分离条件便于分类,专一分离条件便于定性。本法用于实际中毒样品分析,证实所建方法操作简便、分析时间短、杂质干扰小。     

三七细胞大量培养物中主要药用成分皂甙的分离和鉴定

植物细胞大量培养技术工业化生产次级代谢产物,与栽培植物比较,具有不占用良田、不受地区、季节、气候的影响,无农药残留,不影响出口及药用,很少受市场波动的影响,有利于提高生产率降低成本,提高有效成分含量和获得新的有用物质等优点。三七Panax notoginseng(Burk)F.H.Chen为云南特产的名贵中药,但它在栽培中却存在着生产周     

构建腹膜透析动物模型的相关研究

目的:阐述各种不同的腹膜透析动物模型的优缺点,为腹膜透析及其后的肾移植研究奠定相关实验基础。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline数据1995/2006期间与腹膜透析动物模型相关的文章,检索词为“animal,peritoneal dialysis”,并限定文章语言种类为English。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取包括腹膜透析和动物模型的文献,然后筛出明显不相关的文献,对余下的文献开始查找全文。纳入标准:①基础研究。②动物实验。资料提炼:共检索到172篇与腹膜透析动物研究相关的文章。急性腹膜透析模型22篇,慢性腹膜透析动物模型150篇,包含腹膜纤维化动物模型34篇。资料综合:不同的研究团体所采用的动物模型及研究方法存在很大的差异性,从实验动物的品系到入腹腔途径、观察时间、溶质转运与超滤测定和组织样本都没有一致标准。急性腹膜透析动物模型用来观察腹膜的结构和功能,慢性腹膜透析动物模型用来研究腹膜长期接触腹透液后的结构和功能的变化。结论:目前没有各种研究团体所公认的腹膜透析动物模型,这种情况妨碍实验结果的比较,因此系统评价各种模型的优缺点,在不同研究团体间达成共识十分必要。     

Short‐term effects of periodontal therapy as an adjunct to anti‐lipemic treatment

Oral Diseases (2010) 16 , 648–654 Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effect of improved periodontal health following periodontal treatment on metabolic lipid control of patients on anti‐lipemic treatment. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 20 patients aged 34–62 years with diagnoses of hyperlipidemia and chronic periodontitis. All patients used statin to treat their elevated levels of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Blood samples were obtained for measurement of serum lipids, fasting plasma glucose, and high sensitive C‐reactive protein. Periodontal parameters, including plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and percentage of bleeding on probing, were evaluated. All parameters were assessed in each subject at baseline, after 3 months as a control (at the time of periodontal treatment), and 3 months after the non‐surgical periodontal treatment that included scaling and root planning. Results: All lipid parameters decreased after the periodontal treatment, but only the decreases in total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels reached statistical significance compared to baseline (P = 0.002 and P = 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: Improved periodontal health may influence metabolic control of hyperlipidemia and could be considered as an adjunct to the standard measures of hyperlipidemic patient care.     

Carbachol improves secretion in the early phase after rabbit submandibular gland transplantation

Oral Diseases (2010) 16 , 351–359 Objectives: To investigate the changes in the muscarinic receptor signaling pathway with submandibular gland (SMG) transplantation and whether carbachol improves secretion in transplanted SMGs. Materials and methods: SMG autotransplantation was performed in a rabbit model. Carbachol (1 μM) was infused into the transplanted glands from postoperative day 1–7. The expression of the M1 and M3 muscarinic receptors, aquaporin‐5 (AQP5), and phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (p‐ERK1/2) was measured by RT‐PCR, immunoblotting or immunofluorescence. The content of inositol 1, 4, 5‐trisphosphate (IP₃) was measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: Salivary flow of the transplanted SMGs was decreased after transplantation. As well, the expressions of M1 and M3 receptors and their downstream signaling molecules, IP₃, p‐ERK1/2 and AQP5, were all reduced. Atrophy of acinar cells was shown in transplanted glands. However, all these alterations were reversed after carbachol treatment for 7 days. Furthermore, carbachol directly increased the mRNA expression of AQP5 and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in cultured neonatal rabbit SMG cells. Conclusion: A lack of acetylcholine and downregulation of the muscarinic receptor signaling pathway is involved in the early hypofunction of transplanted SMGs. Carbachol treatment could be a new therapeutic strategy to improve secretion and prevent the obstruction of Wharton’s duct in the early phase after SMG transplantation.     

肝胆系统水通道蛋白的研究进展

在哺乳动物中克隆出的13种AQPs(水通道蛋白家族)中,已有7种AQPs从肝胆系统中分离出来,资料显示,AQPS可能参与了胆汁分泌,葡萄糖异生、微生物感染及对肝脏功能有影响的病理生理过程.本文拟对肝胆系统中AQPs的表达,亚细胞定位及其可能的生理和病理生理作用作一阐述.     

豆豉多糖对实验性糖尿病小鼠血糖的活性作用

目的:观察豆豉中的多糖类成分对正常小鼠和糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响,探讨其降血糖的活性作用。方法:实验于2006-03/06在华北煤炭医学院药学系实验室完成。选用雄性小白鼠130只,分为3部分进行实验。①治疗性给予豆豉多糖:取30只小鼠制作糖尿病模型。造模成功后随机平均分为模型组、低剂量给药组和高剂量给药组,另取10只作为空白对照组。低剂量和高剂量给药组小鼠分别灌胃豆豉多糖200mg/(kg·d)和400mg/(kg·d),模型组灌胃等体积的生理盐水,空白对照组不采取任何措施。给药4d和7d后测定各组小鼠的血糖水平。②豆豉多糖对正常小鼠血糖的影响:取30只小鼠随机平均分为对照组、低剂量给药组和高剂量给药组。低剂量和高剂量给药组小鼠分别灌胃豆豉多糖200mg/(kg·d)和400mg/(kg·d),对照组灌胃等体积的生理盐水,连续7d。末次给药2h后测定各组小鼠血糖水平。③预防性给予豆豉多糖:取30只小鼠随机平均分为对照组、低剂量给药组和高剂量给药组。低剂量和高剂量给药组小鼠分别灌胃豆豉多糖200mg/(kg·d)和400mg/(kg·d),对照组灌胃等体积的生理盐水,连续4d。灌胃结束后,腹腔注射四氧嘧啶200mg/(kg·d),3d后测定各组小鼠血糖及血清超氧化物歧化酶活性。结果:实验共纳入130只小鼠全部进入结果分析。①治疗性给予豆豉多糖对糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的影响:豆豉多糖灌胃后,模型组小鼠的血糖水平明显高于空白对照组(P<0.01)。给药4d时,高剂量和低剂量给药组与模型组比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01,0.05)。在给药7d后,随着多糖浓度的提高,血糖下降越明显,并呈现一定剂量-效应关系。②豆豉多糖对正常小鼠血糖的影响:豆豉多糖可明显降低正常小鼠的血糖水平(P<0.01)。③预防性给予豆豉多糖对糖尿病小鼠血糖及超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响:预防性给予小鼠豆豉多糖有明显的降血糖作用(P<0.01),说明豆豉多糖对糖尿病有一定的预防作用。与对照组比较,豆豉多糖可明显增加小鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶活性。结论:豆豉多糖具有一定的降血糖作用。     

Serum hepatitis B surface antigen correlates with fibrosis and necroinflammation: A multicentre perspective in China

The kinetics of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) during the natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been studied, but the factors affecting them remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the factors affecting HBsAg titres, using data from multicentre, large‐sized clinical trials in China. The baseline data of 1795 patients in 3 multicentre trials were studied, and the patients were classified into 3 groups: hepatitis B early antigen (HBeAg)‐positive chronic HBV infection (n = 588), HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B (n = 596), and HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B (n = 611). HBsAg titres in the different phases were compared, and multiple linear progression analyses were performed to investigate the implicated factors. HBsAg titres varied significantly in different phases (P = .000), with the highest (4.60 log10 IU/mL [10%‐90% confidence interval: 3.52 log10 IU/mL‐4.99 log10 IU/mL]) in patients with HBeAg‐positive chronic HBV infection. In all phases, age and HBV DNA were correlated with serum HBsAg level. In HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B patients, a negative correlation between HBsAg titres and fibrosis stage was observed. Alanine amonitransferase or necroinflammatory activity was also correlated with HBsAg titres in HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B patients. In conclusion, decreased HBsAg titres may be associated with advancing fibrosis in HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B patients or increased necroinflammation in those with HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B. Our findings may help clinicians better understand the kinetics of HBsAg and provide useful insights into the management of this disease.     

半合成甘油脂肪酸酯栓剂基质的多晶型变化研究

本文对半合成甘油脂肪酸酯栓剂基质进行了多晶型变化研究,加速试验发现基质在贮藏期中熔点逐步上升,软化时间也逐步延长,X线衍射测定表明有多晶型变化,从非稳定的A型转变成稳定的B型,由此带来一系列物理性变化。晶型转化的速度与温度有关,30℃时4～6d即达到稳定,而在室温下则需要更长的时间。为了保证质量,建议新制基质的熔点应控制在34～35℃之间。